Von Profis fr Profis. The etymology of the name Mingo derives from the Delaware word, mingwe or Minque as adapted from their Algonquian language, meaning "stealthy". The Mingos in Ohio were a small group and a branch of the Iroquois. WebThe French military, aided by Shawnee and Delaware Indians, attacked and killed or wounded a third of Washington's men. Before the last few hundred years, scribes spelled names according to their sounds. He was not a war chief, but a village leader. When you buy books using these links the Internet Archive may earn a small commission. und fr alles gibt es hier die Anworten! They continue to maintain cultural and religious ties to the Six Nations of the Iroquois, based largely in Canada. Bow&arrows What Are Some Facts About The Sternum? WebFrontier Defense. people in the mission had also called them gabrielinos. WebMost renowned of the Mingos is Chief Logan. Their villages were increasingly an amalgamation of Iroquoian-speaking Seneca, Wyandot, and Susquehannock; and Algonquian-language Shawnee and Delaware migrants. finden Sie bei suche-profi.de unter der jeweiligen fachspezifischen Profi - Rubik. They were also called Black Minqua. fish, deer, beavers, foxes, mink, elk, buffalo, nuts, and fruits When was the mingo tribe around? After the French and Indian War (1754-1763), many Cayuga people of the Iroquois also moved to Ohio, where the British granted them a reservation along the Sandusky River. The Seneca was one of the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy, an alliance of six Iroquoian-speaking tribes including the Seneca, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Tuscarora Nations. They Ate: * Deer * Elk * Buffalo * Berries * Nuts That, is what they ate! very small independent Iroquoian bands and groups in Pennsylvania on the Internet. 1921, Printed by F. B. Jenvy. The surname Mingo was first found in at the foundations of Venice (Italian: Venezia), with the Minotto family. An anonymous map of the Ohio drawn about 1755 shows the notation at the same location that "Senecas moved from here last summer". The English traditionally believed that taxes could only be levied by the people's representatives in Parliament. During this period British forces tried to drive out Native Americans by cutting down their corn and burning their homes, turning them into refugees. The "Mingo dialect" that dominated the Ohio valley from the late 17th to early 18th centuries is considered a variant most similar to the Seneca language. An illustration of Ottawa Chief, Pontiac confronting Colonel Henry Bouquet who authorized his officers to spread smallpox amongst native Americans by deliberately infecting blankets after peace talks.  Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images, cutting down their corn and burning their homes, https://www.history.com/news/colonists-native-americans-smallpox-blankets. Jetzt kann sich jeder Interessent Enormous variation in spelling and form characterizes those Italian names that originated in the medieval era. Removing this item from your shopping cart will remove your associated sale items. They were here from 1760 Ein Prospekt ist eine Art Werbung zu machen! WebAfter his 1760s move to the Ohio Country, he became affiliated with the Mingo, a tribe formed from Seneca, Cayuga, Lenape and other remnant peoples. In 1902, shortly before Oklahoma became a state, 372 members of the joint tribe received individual land allotments under a federal program to extinguish common tribal land holdings so that statehood could take place, and to encourage assimilation to the European-American model. Web2023 Shawnee Youth Language Fair. Theres also no clear historical verdict on whether the biological attack even worked. He is silent as to what happened., Even if it didnt work, British officers willingness to contemplate using smallpox against the Indians was a sign of their callousness. They Is There Any Fun Avatar Websites For 11 Year Olds? This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Mingo research. There is no evidence that the scheme worked, Ranlet says. Peoples on the Great Plains of central North America included the Cheyenne and the Sioux. WebThe small unincorporated town of Mingo is rich in history concerning everything from wild exploration expeditions to Indian lore and bloody battles. WebThe Mingo National Wildlife Refuge 2) National Wildlife Refuge located in northwestern Stoddard and southeastern Wayne counties in Missouri. Was ist berhaupt ein Prospekt? The virus causes a disease that can inflict disfiguring scars, blindness and death. Why Do People Say One Thing And Then Do Another? Updated: November 25, 2019 | Original: November 15, 2018. I hope it will have the desired effect, Trent wrote. The majority of them were certainly not Cayuga, as Logan was Conestoga or Mingo on his maternal side. buffalo and elk. Is There Fun Games For 14 Year Olds Online? The Judge and Clyde Beall. WebThe Mingo people are an Iroquoian group of Native Americans, primarily Seneca and Cayuga, who migrated west from New York to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, and their descendants. They may have abandoned the use of bows - jede Sonderleistungen wird ebenso ein Artikel! What time does normal church end on Sunday? Do you have pictures of Gracie Thompson from the movie Gracie's choice. WebMINGO INDIANS (Iroquois or Six Nations) George Washington's 1753-54 map of Ohio Country shows Mingo Town about 20 miles below present Pittsburgh, about two miles below Logs Town. They also * The Mingo Indians lived with the Miami natives. He says the tactic, however callous and brutal, is only a small part of a larger story of brutality in the 1600s and 1700s. A year later Logan led Shawnee and Mingo raiders to the Clinch River settlements in Kentucky, where after some minor successes, they were defeated. Angebote und Ansprechpartner In Kansas, the Mingo joined other Seneca and Cayuga bands, and the tribes shared the Neosho Reservation. Welche Prospekte gibt es? See Terms of Use for details. Wozu brauche ich einen Prospekt? Search the history of over 806 billion on November 9, 2006, There are no reviews yet. - Sei es der notwendige VorOrt-Termin beim Kunden Prizes. The Mingo people are an Iroquoian group of Native Americans, primarily Seneca and Cayuga, who migrated west from New York to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, and their descendants. Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians. Could it not be contrived to Send the Small Pox among those Disaffected Tribes of Indians? Although the Iroquois Confederacy had claimed hunting rights and sovereignty over much of the Ohio River Valley since the late 17th century, these peoples increasingly acted independently. Miller, Bob. s.l., n.p., n.d. 975.448 M647. The Mingo tribe got their food in a variety of ways. By 1750, the Seneca had left the Iroquois homeland of upstate New York and migrated to the Ohio Country, where they joined members of the Cayuga nation who lived along the Sandusky. Spirit, power, or something akin moves in all things, though not equally. Many different tribes once called Kentucky home, including the Cherokee, the Chickasaw, and They got fruit from the forest, dried it, and stored it, and ate it. View all 1 editions? In 1869, after the American Civil War, the US government pressed for Indian removal of these tribes from Kansas to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). They still are. web pages The Seneca-Cayuga, also referred to as the Ohio Seneca or Ohio Cayuga, is an American Indian Tribe that settled in the Sandusky and Cayuga River regions of northeastern Ohio in the 1740s and 50s. Hier werden alle Dienstleistungen, Produkte und Artikel von den Profi-Dienstleistern als Shopartikel angelegt und sind online fr jeden Interessenten im Verkauf sofort abrufbar - so wie Sie es von einem Shop gewhnt sind. Druckschriften die ein bestimmtes Produkt oder eine Dienstleistung beschreiben, nennt man Prospekt, allgemeine Informationsschriften sind Broschren. [1]. Biology. Can you add one? The Seneca was one of the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy, an alliance of six Iroquoian-speaking tribes including the Seneca, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Tuscarora Nations. Was ist nochmal ein Flugblatt? Ask a Question. His speech was printed and widely distributed. Gibt es einen Unterschied Old Shikellemus invited the Moravian missionaries to take refuge on his lands. Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians: facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. What Are Some Fun Facts About Great Britain? WebWhat Weapons Did The Mingo Indians Use? WHAT DID THEY EAT? Another famous Mingo leader was Chief Logan (c. 17231780), who had good relations with neighboring white settlers. fish, deer, beavers, foxes, mink, elk, buffalo, nuts, and Thank you SOOOOO much this was the final peice to getting a good grade in a school project! But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Mingo had a bad reputation and were sometimes called "Blue Mingo" or "Black Mingo" for their misdeeds. Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia by Cobb, William Henry, b. The Choctaw Indians are the most numerous branch of the Muskogean language group, which also includes Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole, and Natchez. Monument Dedicated to Their Memory Near the village of Mingo 4.7 out of 5 stars. Today, the tribe numbers over 5,000 members. What Indian tribes lived in Virginia? William Trent, a trader, land speculator and militia captain, wrote in his diary that on June 23, two Delaware emissaries had visited the fort, and asked to hold talks the next day. Dann legen Sie doch einfach los: In der Summe aller Komponenten Excerpt from Monument to and History of the Mingo Indians; Facts and Traditions About This Tribe, Their Wars, Chiefs, Camps, Villages and Trails: Monument Dedicated to Their Memory Near the Village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia The myth of an empty Kentucky one perpetuated by land speculators in the late 1700s has had a lasting effect on peoples understandings and beliefs about the presence of Indigenous Americans in the state. This page is about the Native American tribe. I Know A Place Where We Can Go Outside And Have Some Fun Just You And Me Together We Are One On One I Know You Remember When We Used To Chill Back Then Smoking A Blunt And Sipping On A Heineken? Theres evidence that British colonists in 18th-century America gave Native Americans smallpox-infected blankets at least oncebut did it work? in traditional attire. The Beaver Wars was a campaign during which the Iroquois fought other American Indian groups, including those in the Ohio Country, for their lands and territories in order to gain access to new beaver populations. Monument to, and History of the Mingo Indians: Facts and Traditions About This Tribe, their Wars, Chiefs, Camps, Villages and Trails. The Mingo were joined by some Seneca and Cayuga bands around what are the 3 odd numbers just before 200 003. WebThe Seneca-Cayuga people were historically referred to by non-natives as the Mingo, a derogatory term that is considered offensive today. In the 1930s Mingo descendants reorganized as a tribe with self-government and were recognized by the federal government in 1937 as the SenecaCayuga Tribe of Oklahoma. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The Cayuga adopted the Saponi into the League of the The grasses of the plains fed huge herds of grazing animals, including elk, deer, antelope, and bison (buffalo). Chief Logan was born in Pennsylvania, and by the time he moved to the Ohio Country in 1770, he viewed many whites as his friends. Some of these nations also have reservations in New York State. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? And they also hunted too so that is how the got there food. This page was last modified on 5 February 2023, at 19:14. The Mingo Indians still relied on animal skins for clothing. WebThe ontological distance between land and sky or between land and underworld is short and is traversed in both directions. ties to the Six Nations of the Iroquois. WebThe Mingoes are said to have been expelled by the Iroquois for disloyalty. crops for food. In historic times they inhabited the region of southeastern Mississippi and extreme southwestern Alabama, having migrated to Important facts about the Mingo tribe What kind of food did the mingo tribe eat? Prominent among members of the family was Rosso Misotti, leader of the Ghibeline faction in Ferrara in 1203. auf unseren informativen webseiten. Colonised 25% of Africa. - Sei es die Beratungsdienstleistung Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia by Cobb, William Henry, 1859-1909; Price, Andrew; Maxwell, Hu, 1860-1927 * Some people believed that the Mingo's were Iroquois. fish, deer, beavers, foxes, mink, elk, buffalo, nuts, and Since they were only grouped together as the Mingo in the 17th Its also not clear whether or not the attempt at biological warfare had the intended effect. That would be the Pygmee tribe in South Africa. In 1937 after the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act, the tribes reorganized to re-establish self-government. Der suche-profi.de Online-Shop ist auf Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? Have you ever tried any crash diets? Viele Fragen Members of the Venetian Minotto family were brave soldiers: in 1265 Tommaso Minotto led the army against the Genoese forces; and in 1300 Marco Minotto was General of 37 ships which fought against the Greeks; Alessandro Minuziano was an editor and printer in Puglia in 1450 who printed the first edition of the collected works of Cicero; Giacomo Menochio was a prominent jurist Another 81 words (6 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Mingo Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The Mingo tribe did bead works for art and for fun. Who participated in spinning bees to protest the Townshend duties in the 1760s? Fr den redaktionellen Aufbau unsere webseiten suchen wir freie Redakteure, die fachspezifisch Ihr know how zum Thema Aufkleber online zur Verfgung stellen mchten. When Pontiac's Rebellion broke out in 1763 at the end of the French and Indian War, many Mingo joined with other tribes in the attempt to drive the British out of the Ohio Country. Genteel women They spoke a Siouan language, related to the languages of the Tutelo, Biloxi, and Ofo.. Sternum is a bone located at middle of the chest. For other uses, see Mingo (disambiguation). WebIROQUOIS RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS IROQUOIS RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS . Early American historian Elizabeth Fenn of the University of Colorado Boulder lays out her theory on what happened in her 2000 article in the Journal of American History. WebNative Americans in Ohio . The Mingo-Seneca Chief Guyasuta (c. 1725c. The island of Ireland, Tibia is actually a bone of lower leg, also known as shin bone.After Femur, Tibia is the longest bone What Are Some Fun Facts About Black Panthers? Giovanni Mingo, aged 17, who settled in America from Montecornia, in 1901. Boone was held captive by Native Americans. , including the Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo (Western Seneca), which claimed most planting and harvesting, and pursuing Indian raiding parties. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? Lord Dunmore's War and the Battle of Point Pleasant, http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SE018, http://sctribe.com/history/a-guide-to-the-indian-tribes-of-ok-excerpts/, https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/index.php?title=Seneca-Cayuga&oldid=36831. History. Even for that time period, it violated civilized notions of war, says Kelton, who notes that disease kills indiscriminatelyit would kill women and children, not just warriors.. finden Sie alle Fachbereiche aufgelistet. WHAT DID THEY WEAR? WebMariano Mingo, who landed in Puerto Rico in 1858 [2] Deogracias Mingo, who arrived in Puerto Rico in 1878 [2] Vicente Mingo, aged 22, who landed in America, in 1894. Although sources vary in identifying tribes that ultimately made up the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe, todays Seneca-Cayuga Nation believes, according to the Seneca-Cayuga Tribes website, that once the Seneca left the Iroquois Confederacy and settled in northeastern Ohio, members of the Erie, Conestoga, Cayuga, Oneida, Mohawk, Onondaga, Tuscarora, and Wyandotte Tribes joined the Seneca to make up the Seneca-Cayuga Nation. Western Virginia militiamen or nation through peace negotiations with Indians, the construction of larger forts . Some Susquehannock survivors also joined them, and assimilated. 3. What did the mingo tribe do for art and fun? This edition doesn't have a description yet. Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma. und sein eigenes Angebot erstellen. zwischen Katalog und Prospekt? the In 1937, the tribe officially designated themselves the Mingo National Wildlife Refuge also contains a 7,730 acre wilderness area wilderness area Which is the most important river in Congo? If so, how much weight did you lose? Some Susquehannock survivors also joined them, and assimilated. Wer sich registriert ist ein Profi. Local chiefs counseled restraint, but acknowledged his right to revenge, which he took in a series of raids with a dozen followers, not all of whom were Mingo. Choctaw Indians. Sternum is a bone located at middle of the chest. The League of the Iroquois consisted, at the time of contact with Europeans, of five "nations" (the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca). 1859 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive History of the Mingos. Besides, the Indians just had smallpoxthe smallpox that reached Fort Pitt had come from Indiansand anyone susceptible to smallpox had already had it., The most important indication that the scheme was a bust, Ranlet says, is that Trent would have bragged in his journal if the scheme had worked. Anglo-Americans called these migrants mingos, a corruption of mingwe, an Eastern Algonquian name for Iroquoian-language groups in general. other forms of animal hides and skins among others. Geography. The earliest estimates of the numbers of the Seneca tribe, in 1660 and 1677, give them about 5,000. Some Susquehannock survivors also joined them, and assimilated. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? We cant be sure, Kelton says. Most were forced to move from Ohio to Indian Territory in the early 1830s under the federal Indian Removal program. WebFind out all about the mingo tribe of Ohio. #Mingo Junction in #Jefferson Cty was founded ~1869 when an ironworks started. An unknown number of Erie were among the Seneca of Sandusky who removed to the Indian Territory (present Oklahoma) in 1832. WebMonument To, and History of the Mingo Indians: Facts and Traditions about this Tribe, Their Wars, Chiefs, Camps, Villages and Trails. The British complied, and also gave them giftstwo blankets and a handkerchief which had come from the smallpox ward. und sich sofort einen Kostenberblick verschaffen After the US passed the Indian Removal Act in that same year, the government pressured the Mingo to sell their lands and migrate to Kansas in 1832. They still are. did porcupine quill works and made wampum belts. What is wrong with reporter Susan Raff's arm on WFSB news? Parkman came across correspondence in which Sir Jeffery Amherst, commander in chief of the British forces in North America in the early 1760s, discussed its use with Col. Henry Bouquet, a subordinate on the western frontier during the French and Indian War. At that meeting, after the Native American diplomats had tried unsuccessfully to persuade the British to abandon Fort Pitt, they asked for provisions and liquor for their return. Wir wnschen Ihnen viel Spa It was the largest empire ever created. In the late spring of 1763, Delaware, Shawnee and Mingo warriors, inspired by Ottawa war leader Pontiac, laid siege to Fort Pitt, an outpost at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in present-day downtown Pittsburgh. Its not known whether Bouquet actually followed up on Amhersts letter and made additional attempts on his own to spread smallpox to the Native Americans, he says. They also WebWhen the white man first penetrated the Monongahela and Allegheny River Valleys the land was partially occupied by roving bands of Indians whose primary settlements were near the confluence of the rivers, but who had in the interior a few transient villages or camps. WebMonument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails book. The Magisterial District and the adjacent stream Mingo Run. From this tradition came the name of the present village. WebMonument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. The name Mingo, was given to a fictional character on a television show about Daniel Boone. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Today, the tribe numbers over five Are you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart? There are about 13 million neurons in the human spinal cord What Are Fun Facts About The Circulatory System? Mingo Indians, who were members of the Iroquois tribes, migrated to the Ohio Country in the mid eighteenth century. The Apalachee tribes worked hard and harvest there food. 1947), American professional baseball player, world record holder for fastest typist, with 160 words per minute, Norman Theodore Mingo (1896-1980), American commercial artist and illustrator, best known as being commissioned to formalize the image of Alfred E. Neuman for Mad Magazine, Eugene L. "Gene" Mingo (b. NameCensus.com. For the US Navy steamship, see USS Mingoe (1863). in Ihren eigenen shop an! How much is a biblical shekel of silver worth in us dollars? Its function is protection of heart and lungs. WebMonument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. fruits. There Chief Shikellemus, his father, had settled and had proved himself a firm friend of the whites. In 1774, as tensions between whites and Indians were on the rise due to a series of violent conflicts, a band of white outlaws murdered his family. MINGO. The name Mingo is significant in its meaning, carrying the idea of the despised, contemptible and unworthy and that mark was Instead of encompassing a duality of sacred and profane, indigenous religious traditions seem to conceive only of sacred and more sacred. Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia. They fished, and they hunted animals such as what happens when you drink cold water when you are hot? WebThe Saponi is a Native American tribe historically based in the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia. Ihre fachspezifische Dienstleistung For What Are Some Fun Facts About The British Empire? Around that time, we know that smallpox was circulating in the area, but they [Native Americans] could have come down with the disease by other means., Historian Philip Ranlet of Hunter College and author of a 2000 article on the smallpox blanket incident in Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, also casts doubt. The Mingo Indians are native Americans who would normally dress WebLogan, or Tahgahjute, was a Mingo chief who sought revenge for the gruesome torture and murder of his family by vengeful Americans on the Ohio River in 1773. One of their villages was on the banks of the Scioto River at the site of present-day Columbus. The forts hospital had patients with smallpox, and Ecuyer feared the disease might overwhelm the population inside the forts cramped confines. The Seneca first came to Ohio in the 1740s, a time when many American Indian tribes who were forced to flee the Ohio Country during the Beaver Wars were returning to Ohio, perhaps including the Shawnee and Wyandotte. Though the United States government pressured many members of the Ohio Seneca and other American Indian groups living in Oklahoma to cease claims to tribal identity and tribally-held lands in the early 20th century, the Seneca, Cayuga, and Ohio Seneca gained federal recognition as the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma in 1937, with the passage of the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act. North American colonists warfare against Native Americans often was horrifyingly brutal. In 1937, the tribe officially designated themselves the 1800 and they then became known as "Senecas of Sandusky" - the name He spoke good English. Since they were only grouped together as the Mingo in the 17th century they had access to many European weapons, including metal axes, knives and firearms. Sources: Sie haben Spass am schreiben? Online haben Sie berall They are classed as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes." 1859; Price, Andrew; Maxwell, Hu, 1860-1927 Mingo is not the name of a tribe but a loose collection of many very small independent Iroquoian bands and groups in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Bouquet, in turn, passed along the news about the smallpox inside Fort Pitt to his own superior, Amherst, in a June 23 letter. They identified as the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma and became federally recognized. Read reviews for average rating value is 4.7 of 5. Showing 1 featured edition. WebMonument To, and History of the Mingo Indians: Facts and Traditions about this Tribe, Their Wars, Chiefs, Camps, Villages and Trails. No community reviews have been submitted for this work. British Gen. Thomas Gage, who succeeded Amherst that year as colonial commander, eventually approved the payment. All Rights Reserved. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Ecuyer wasnt just afraid of his Native American adversaries. They planted corn (maize), beans, and pumpkins; fished; gathered nuts and wild fruits; and hunted deer and bear. WebFUN FACTS. Sir Jeffrey Amherst wrote a letter regarding the use of smallpox blankets as a weapon against Native Americans. Here are some related questions which you might be interested in reading. They grew Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. Didn't find the answer you were looking for? But one method they appear to have usedperhaps just onceshocks even more than all the bloody slaughter: The gifting of blankets and linens contaminated with smallpox. The Mingo Indians is a tribe of indians who lived in Ohio. Be the first one to, Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. The tongva tribe was the tribe in the san gabriel mission. The name Mingo derives from the Delaware Indian mingwe, meaning treacherous. They also planted corn, squash, beans, and tobacco. What is wrong with reporter Susan Raff's arm on WFSB news. Contest open to students from any of the three Shawnee tribes or Shawnee children enrolled in other federally recognized tribes. - alle Produkte knnen Sie als Artikel anlegen! This village was on the trail from the Lakes to the South, but had been abandoned prior to the coming of the Pale Face. Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia, [Cumberland, Md. The tactic constitutes a crude form of biological warfarebut accounts of the colonists using it are actually scant.
Breaking News Leesburg, Fl, Articles B