Because if they weren't there fast, I was worried that there was something going on that I didn't know about and they weren't gonna come. Very sleazy and colorful place I recall seeing boys walking around in silver jockstraps, etc. Where did you buy it? The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement and led to the creation of various gay activist groups in the United States and around the world. Dick Leitsch:Very often, they would put the cops in dresses, with makeup and they usually weren't very convincing. This was ours, here's where the Stonewall was, here's our Mecca. other rioters, Wolfgang Podolski and Thomas Staton, whose involvement in the disturbances had not been documented before. We take great pride in preserving the history of this groundbreaking event in Americas battle for LGBTQ+ equality. Forty-five years later, over six million people annually participate in 115 Pride parades across the United States. On June 28, 1969, the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York's Greenwich Village, was raided by police. So you couldn't have a license to practice law, you couldn't be a licensed doctor. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:This was the Rosa Parks moment, the time that gay people stood up and said no. It eats you up inside. (Doc. I was proud. It is important to note that in addition to arresting LGBTQ+ people, first-hand accounts reveal the violence that police enacted on those they had arrested. They were just holding us almost like in a hostage situation where you don't know what's going to happen next. Jorge Garcia-Spitz The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. . Charles Harris, Transcriptions The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. Martin Boyce:All of a sudden, Miss New Orleans and all people around us started marching step by step and the police started moving back. Martha Babcock Dick Leitsch:It was an invasion, I mean you felt outraged and stuff like you know what, God, this is America, what's this country come to? And then they send them out in the street and of course they did make arrests, because you know, there's all these guys who cruise around looking for drag queens. And Vito and I walked the rest of the whole thing with tears running down our face. Updates? Martin Boyce:And then more police came, and it didn't stop. Barack Obama designated the site of the Stonewall uprising a national monument. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. Frank Kameny That's more an uprising than a riot. After two years, police said they had been informed that liquor was being served on the premises. It was a raid. When Martha Shelley, 25, climbed on top of a water fountain in a park near Stonewall exactly one month after the riot, she feared for her life. But the protests, sometimes involving thousands of people, continued in the area for five more days, flaring up at one point after the Village Voice published its account of the riots. The parades official chant was: Say it loud, gay is proud.. Joe DeCola Pennebaker courtesy of Pennebaker Hegedus Films So I run down there. Cause I was from the streets. On June 28 at approximately 1:15 a.m., undercover NYPD officers This is one thing that if you don't get caught by us, you'll be caught by yourself. It must have been terrifying for them. WebThe Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. I mean it didn't stop after that. The men's room was under police surveillance. So it was a perfect storm for the police. All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. It was large and relatively cheap to enter. Though no longer on City Room, New York Today continues to appear every weekday morning, offering a roundup of news and events for the city. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Nonetheless, Stonewall Inn quickly became an important Greenwich Village institution. . Many alternative, independent, and left periodicals are available viaIndependent Voices--Reveal Digital. Primary sources related to the Black Nite Brawl in August 1961 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. While Stonewall became well known due to the media coverage and the subsequent annual Pride traditions, it was a culmination of years of LGBTQ+ activism. It was terrifying. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. Dick Leitsch:And so the cops came with these buses, like five buses, and they all were full of tactical police force. Armed with a warrant, police officers entered the club, John O'Brien:I was very anti-police, had many years already of activism against the forces of law and order. I guess they're deviates. Jerry Hoose:And we were going fast. Quentin Heilbroner They were to us. There are a lot of kids here. Susana Fernandes It was the third such raid on Greenwich Village gay bars in a short period. The homosexual, bitterly aware of his rejection, responds by going underground. WebFor the first time, in the seven documents obtained by Katz, the names of those arrested are not blacked out, providing the public and historians with important new evidence about If there had been a riot of that proportion in Harlem, my God, you know, there'd have been cameras everywhere. Is that conceivable? TV Host (Archival):And Sonia is that your own hair? That night, the Dick Leitsch:We wore suits and ties because we wanted people, in the public, who were wearing suits and ties, to identify with us. ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. 1969: Stonewall Riots. Geoff Kole Eric Marcus, Writer:It was incredibly hot. Interviewer (Archival):Are you a homosexual? You know, it's just, everybody was there. And the Stonewall was part of that system. morning and a round-up in Monday's print edition. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. Ellen Goosenberg The article notes that little is known about Vincent DePaul (and several others), but the Renaissance saint Vincent de Paul is well documented. Because one out of three of you will turn queer. And all of a sudden, pandemonium broke loose. xGrS$GJ19f#Qld| C$ Rcyu5K+#<_7jntz~:tOuS=>@Vy?~j{P/TUc7VC^|j_](G.Ox.~vTGz6r+]* 6 :!>j6KcV'6FjSSTcNsWU zwOV$k5(;'NAo;;l'Skmu}n%86`naUfJ7WMvf The ones that came close you could see their faces in rage. Jerry Hoose:I was chased down the street with billy clubs. TV Host (Archival):Ladies and gentlemen, the reason for using first names only forthese very, very charming contestants is that right now each one of them is breaking the law. Martha Shelley:Before Stonewall, the homophile movement was essentially the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis and all of these other little gay organizations, some of which were just two people and a mimeograph machine. We assembled on Christopher Street at 6th Avenue, to march. Police violence and bar raids did not end after Stonewall. This 19-year-old serviceman left his girlfriend on the beach to go to a men's room in a park nearby where he knew that he could find a homosexual contact. But I'm wearing this police thing I'm thinking well if they break through I better take it off really quickly but they're gunna come this way and we're going to be backing up and -- who knows what'll happen. They raided the Checkerboard, which was a very popular gay bar, a week before the Stonewall. I mean does anyone know what that is? '1Cmj`VUJlh**rUPlMmc_J)?lM6}L7@P?|h,hqzFf4'7`Z0FgGfoLv(rVGb`_p!^lxJ*j/;d8RhUUJ\*Rrq'zNphGlXKbQci{:TIFEPu@B?@=f/1)@dB9ldx+=dWR$>{^w(/2II^Q,e,)1;y1,E~cum}4VRQ,;W]mTN1TW mw$$%Zjmd1CyCyu`WU6. Arrest Reports From the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, City University of New York Graduate Center, photographs taken by The New York Times from the final night of the riots, Litter and Graffiti Show Norwoods Distress, Tavern on the Green Seeks Publics Support. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. John O'Brien:In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police, in the peace movement, we ran from the police. For the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, an anthology chronicling the tumultuous fight for LGBTQ rights in the 1960s and the activists who spearheaded it June 28, 2019 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising - the most significant event in the gay liberation movement and the catalyst for the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States. There were gay bars in Midtown, there were gay bars uptown, there were certain kinds of gay bars on the Upper East Side, you know really, really, really buttoned-up straight gay bars. We were all there. By 1969, the Stonewall Inn (now a national monument) was one of the most popular gay bars in New York City.Throughout the state, homosexuality was considered a criminal offense, and it would take over a decade of organizing before "same-sex relationships" were legalized in 1980 (New York v. Onofre). Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had been in some gay bars either for a story or gay friends would say, "Oh we're going to go in for a drink there, come on in, are you too uptight to go in?" an unknown object. Mr. Van Ronk eventually pleaded guilty to harassment, a violation. And then as you turned into the other room with the jukebox, those were the drag queens around the jukebox. I was wearing my mother's black and white cocktail dress that was empire-waisted. And you will be caught, don't think you won't be caught, because this is one thing you cannot get away with. And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. Audience Member (Archival):I was wondering if you think that there are any quote "happy homosexuals" for whom homosexuality would be, in a way, their best adjustment in life? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Many mainstream and African American periodicals (magazines and newspapers) are available viaProquest Historical Newspapers,Newsbank, andGoogle Books. Alexis Charizopolis Producers You can find the latest entries at nytimes.com/diary and on our New York section online. Two of the pages posted online were obtained in 1988 by Michael Scherker, a writer who sued the city to obtain some police records from the time of the uprising, and who has since died. Mr. Carter also said the documents corroborated information that had been provided to him by Seymour Pine, the police inspector who led the raid on the Stonewall Inn (and later expressed regret about the nature and John O'Brien:Whenever you see the cops, you would run away from them. To find additional materials on this topic, search the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. This is every year in New York City. This time the people milling outside the bar did not retreat or scatter as they almost always had in the past. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. "You could have got us in a lot of trouble, you could have got us closed up." The Chicago riots, the Human Be-in, the dope smoking, the hippies. rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. the six-day series of disturbances that began as a protest by gays against police harassment and became a defining moment in the gay-rights movement. These homosexuals glorify unnatural sex acts. Published July 1969. Library of Congress - The Stonewall Uprising of 1969, Columbia University - The Stonewall Riots, Stonewall riots - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). But instead of responding with the routine compliance the NYPD expected, We knew that this was a moment that we didn't want to let slip past, because it was something that we could use to bring more of the groups together. John O'Brien:All of a sudden, the police faced something they had never seen before. John O'Brien:They went for the head wounds, it wasn't just the back wounds and the leg wounds. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. Slate:Boys Beware(1961) Public Service Announcement. The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. John Marshall is listed as a representative for the Mattachine Society of Washington in the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Files, so researchers may wish to search that name specifically in the Kamney and Vincenz collections. Historic Films They could be judges, lawyers. You knew you could ruin them for life. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? WebLast Friday the privacy of the Stonewall was invaded by police from the First Division. According to all of these documents one of the main causes of these riots were sparked whenever they failed to pay off the cops. Were committed to providing educators accessible, high-quality teaching tools. We didn't necessarily know where we were going yet, you know, what organizations we were going to be or how things would go, but we became something I, as a person, could all of a sudden grab onto, that I couldn't grab onto when I'd go to a subway T-room as a kid, or a 42nd street movie theater, you know, or being picked up by some dirty old man. Dick Leitsch:Mattachino in Italy were court jesters; the only people in the whole kingdom who could speak truth to the king because they did it with a smile. Prisoner (Archival):I realize that, but the thing is that for life I'll be wrecked by this record, see? Trevor, Post Production Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. I said, "I can go in with you?" Eventually something was bound to blow. Yvonne Ritter:I had just turned 18 on June 27, 1969. Replace the bracketed text with your responses. The idea was to be there first. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. We knew it was a gay bar, we walked past it. Chris Mara, Production Assistants The Stonewall Riots : A Documentary History edited by Marc Stein provides And the first gay power demonstration to my knowledge was against my story inThe Village Voiceon Wednesday. Here are my ID cards, you knew they were phonies. They pushed everybody like to the back room and slowly asking for IDs. Yvonne Ritter:It's like people who are, you know, black people who are used to being mistreated, and going to the back of the bus and I guess this was sort of our going to the back of the bus. It was right in the center of where we all were. For such reasons, LGBT individuals flocked to gay bars and clubs, places of refuge where they could express themselves openly and socialize without worry. Paper, $35.00.) First steps to freedom. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. The Stonewall riots, as they came to be known, marked a major turning point in the modern gay civil rights movement in the United States and around the world. Aaron Lecklider Journal of American History, Volume 107, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 794796, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa438 Published: 01 December 2020 PDF Split View Cite John O'Brien:We had no idea we were gonna finish the march. WebChicago Race Riot in 1919, Tulsa Race Massacre 1921, Zoot Suite riot in 1943, riots in Newark and Detroit in 1967 and the LA Riots in 1995)(See Stonewall Riots, 1969). I say, I cannot tell this without tearing up. This produced an enormous amount of anger within the lesbian and gay community in New York City and in other parts of America. New York City Police Department/OutHistory.org. Liz Davis Greg Shea, Legal We'd say, "Here comes Lillian.". There was the Hippie movement, there was the Summer of Love, Martin Luther King, and all of these affected me terribly. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History . << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> ISBN: 0143133519 Stonewall : the riots that sparked the gay revolution by David Carter Call Number: Boca Raton General Collection HQ76 .C315 2004 ISBN: And it would take maybe a half hour to clear the place out. For those kisses. . good people to the attention of your readers. Eric Marcus, Writer:The Mattachine Society was the first gay rights organization, and they literally met in a space with the blinds drawn. Fed up with constant police harassment and social discrimination, angry patrons and neighborhood residents hung around outside of the bar rather than disperse, becoming increasingly agitated as the events unfolded and people were aggressively manhandled. With Stonewall, the spirit of 60s rebellion spread to LGBTQ people in New York and beyond, who for the first time found Use evidence from at least three of the documents in your response. Police raids forced them to disband in 1925, but not before they had published several issues of their newsletter, Friendship and Freedom, the countrys first gay-interest newsletter. And we were singing: "We are the Village girls, we wear our hair in curls, we wear our dungarees, above our nellie knees." MacDonald & Associates All rights reserved. This, the very first U.S. For a comprehensive list of which homophile groups contributed financially to the first Pride, researchers can reference the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Bulletin and Reports External. WebView Valiyah Johnson - Stonewall Riot Questions.pdf from ACCT 40 at Georgia Virtual School. So I attempted suicide by cutting my wrists. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. Seymour Wishman Richard Enman (Archival):Well, let me say, first of all, what type of laws we are not after, because there has been much to-do that the Society was in favor of the legalization of marriage between homosexuals, and the adoption of children, and such as that, and that is not at all factual at all. Biting had not been documented as a tactic of the rioters. But it's serious, don't kid yourselves about it. A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. Danny Garvin:We became a people. I went in there and they took bats and just busted that place up. David Carter When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. Use the following subject browses to find materials on the Stonewall Uprising in the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The first Pride march in New York City was held on June 28, 1970 on the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. By Marc Stein . He is the founder of Mattachine Society of New York. Jerry Hoose:I remember I was in a paddy wagon one time on the way to jail, we were all locked up together on a chain in the paddy wagon and the paddy wagon stopped for a red light or something and one of the queens said "Oh, this is my stop." Chapter 2: Activist Agendas and Visions before Stonewall, Chapter 3: Political Protests before Stonewall, Chapter 6: Activist Agendas after Stonewall, Chapter 7: Political Protests after Stonewall, About the Author:Short CV/Long CV/Biography, Documenting the Stonewall Riots: A Bibliography of Primary Sources, View the files for Part I, II, III and Resources, San Francisco State While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. Danny Garvin:There was more anger and more fight the second night. x , 341 pp. The concept behind the initial Pride march was formally proposed by lesbian activist Ellen Broidy (NYU Student Homophile League), who had written the proposaltogether with Craig Rodwell (Homophile Youth Movement). Linton Media In 2016, then-President Barack Obama designated the site of the riotsStonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalksa national monument in recognition of the areas contribution to gay rights. Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors If youre interested in learning more about the Stonewall Riots, theres a free sneak preview of an upcoming American Experience film at the New York Public Library this evening at 6:30pm. My father said, "About time you fags rioted.". Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. Franco Sacchi, Additional Animation and Effects Please consider donating to SHEG to support our creation of new materials. But engaging in gay behavior in public (holding hands, kissing or dancing with someone of the same sex) was still illegal, so police harassment of gay bars continued and many bars still operated without liquor licensesin part because they were owned by the Mafia. While the events of Stonewall are often referred to as "riots," Stonewall veterans have explicitly stated that they prefer the term Stonewalluprising orrebellion. Danny Garvin:People were screaming "pig," "copper." happily back in New York City, and I still pray for those who are brave enough to continue the quest for Equality. Thank you, New York Times for bringing this ongoing struggle by so many So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. Stanford University | 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 | Privacy Policy. All of this stuff was just erupting like a -- as far as they were considered, like a gigantic boil on the butt of America. John O'Brien:I was with a group that we actually took a parking meter out of theground, three or four people, and we used it as a battering ram. BBC Worldwide Americas In June 28, 1969, in Greenwich Village, The New York City Police Department fueled by bigoted liquor licensing practices and an omnipresent backdrop of homophobia And I had become very radicalized in that time. "Don't fire. Finally, Mayor Lindsay listened to us and he announced that there would be no more police entrapment in New York City. Perhaps the man in question was having a bit of fun at the arresting officers expense. Since the Stonewall was without a license, the place was being closed. an independent scholar and director of OutHistory.org, with help from David Carter, the author of Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of a sudden, in the background I heard some police cars. This was a highly unusual raid, going in there in the middle of the night with a full crowd, the Mafia hasn't been alerted, the Sixth Precinct hasn't been alerted. It was also a favorite haunt of underage and homeless members of the LGBTQ community. Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. According to the documents the police allowed the bars to operate, overlooking violations in return for a percentage of the take. as an authoritative account of the uprising. Jerry Hoose And I said to myself, "Oh my God, this will not last.". WebBusiness Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083) Documents Popular BANA 2082 - Chapter 1.1 Final Paper - COM 315 Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14 Ch. Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. You can find the latest New York Today Martin Boyce:I wasn't labeled gay, just "different." Stonewall Riots Document A: New York Daily News 1. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. Leaflets in the 60s were like the internet, today. Doric Wilson The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:That night I'm in my office, I looked down the street, and I could see the Stonewall sign and I started to see some activity in front. Virginia Apuzzo:It's very American to say, "This is not right." But instead of responding with the routine compliance the NYPD expected, patrons and a growing crowd decided to fight back. ", Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And he went to each man and said it by name. Raids were still a fact of life, but usually corrupt cops would tip off Mafia-run bars before they occurred, allowing owners to stash the alcohol (sold without a liquor license) and hide other illegal activities. A sickness that was not visible like smallpox, but no less dangerous and contagious. For the first time the next person stood up. June 28, 2019 The Stonewall Inn is a sacred place for many in the LGBTQ community. Bettye Lane And the Village has a lot of people with children and they were offended. On the one-year anniversary of the riots on June 28, 1970, thousands of people marched in the streets of Manhattan from the Stonewall Inn to Central Park in what was then called Christopher Street Liberation Day, Americas first gay pride parade. And there was like this tension in the air and it just like built and built. Thanks to activists efforts, these regulations were overturned in 1966, and LGBT patrons could then be served alcohol. Mike Nuget Stonewall Riot NYPD Reports and Transcriptions. Website support provided by Margaret Paz. The windows were always cloaked. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Ed Koch who was a democratic party leader in the Greenwich Village area, was a specific leader of the local forces seeking to clean up the streets. Eric Marcus, Writer:Before Stonewall, there was no such thing as coming out or being out. They really were objecting to how they were being treated. I met this guy and I broke down crying in his arms. Martin Boyce:Mind you socks didn't count, so it was underwear, and undershirt, now the next thing was going to ruin the outfit. Sourcing: Who was Jerry Lisker? This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. Nobody. Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. And it was one of the fewif not the onlygay bar left that allowed dancing. Was he present at the Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:They were sexual deviates. The fire department and a riot squad were eventually able to douse the flames, rescue those inside Stonewall, and disperse the crowd. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Gay rights, like the rights of blacks, were constantly under attack and while blacks were protected by constitutional amendments coming out of the Civil War, gays were not protected by law and certainly not the Constitution. Martin Boyce:I had cousins, ten years older than me, and they had a car sometimes. documented as participants in the riot, and indeed, no womans arrest had previously been documented, though several eyewitnesses had long stated that resistance to the police intensified after a lesbian Send questions or suggestions Popular. Jerry Hoose:Gay people who had good jobs, who had everything in life to lose, were starting to join in. Dick Leitsch:And the blocks were small enough that we could run around the block and come in behind them before they got to the next corner. Combining exhaustively researched narrative with meticulously curated photographs, the book traces queer activism from its roots in late-nineteenth-century Europe--long before the pivotal Stonewall Riots of 1969--to the gender warriors leading the charge today. They'd go into the bathroom or any place that was private, that they could either feel them, or check them visually.
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