The Chair of the Central Executive Committee is appointed by the President of Mexico. Emerging on the scene in early 1994, some 150 people were killed in confrontations between the EZLN and government troops. UPI, "Senate reaffirms Mexico certification," 3/26/98, internet. In a recent piece of investigative reporting, the New York Times broke a story that a number of Mexican generals met with cartel leaders on at least two occasions in 1996 and 1997. "HEARST" and "Redlogarythm" for Borderland Beat This week, a pamphlet showing the rules of conduct given to hitmen in "Sol Prendido" for Borderland Beat The United Nations warns in a new report that insecurity in the capital has reached levels com "Sol Prendido for Borderland Beat The war begins in Tamaulipas. Christian Science Monitor, "Mexico's growing drug cartel's seep across American border," 9/17/97, internet. Don't fall behind on your mordida! AFP, "Mexico wary of money-laundering bill," 9/27/99, internet. Herrera family representatives have also operated in New York, Boston, Louisville, Philadelphia, Dallas and Oklahoma City, with Chicago serving as their primary American hub. The capital, Mexico City, lays claim to being the largest city in the world. By the time they returned with more firepower, the Mexican military personnel had finished their business and driven back across the border. Sinaloa control west of the Sierra to tepehuanes. Time will proverbially tell if this proposal is seriously considered by the American leadership. These murders brought the total number of senior police officials executed in Northern Mexico in 1996 to seven. The cartels began operating as middlemen smugglers for more powerful groups. AFP, "Latin American unemployment to rise to record levels: ILO," 2/28/99, internet. 10. UPI, "Report: Mexican generals met drug mafia," 3/26/98, internet. AFP, "Mexicans want next president to come from the opposition: survey," 9/1/99, internet. A March 1997 New York Times article detailed the Fuentes connection with governors of at least two Mexican states - Morelos and Sonora (Reuters, 2/16/97). Only time will tell if this was mere political posturing or an agreement of real substance. In the fall of each year, the State Department provides the President with a brief synopsis of drug producing and transit countries' drug fighting efforts. The Gulf Cartel is based in south Texas (Brownsville and Laredo) and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and controls the gulf region, as its name implies. They also used With significant effort, the coalition hammered out a seven-point political platform, though many of those points have remained vaguely defined. There is, however, some concrete evidence of growing cooperative efforts between local law enforcement entities on both sides of the border. Y lo qu les deca a las personas qu le exigan justicia por lo qu haca su protegido el g 1? Ramn Eduardo Pequeo said it is known that the detainee had differences Migrant workers were at one time predominantly male; this is no longer the case. Opium is grown in the state of Durango, which explains to a large degree why they got into and stayed in that business. Posts may contain strong violent material, discretion is advised. equipment, three drug packages weighing nearly a pound each, and 174 packages President Zedillo himself has even admitted taking money from Peniche, but the details are not clear (AFP, 5/30/99). This point warrants reiteration. Do you like Los Herrera? If you browse our webpage, you will also find a map with the location of Los Herrera. Juarez controlled durango until chapo. AFP, "Zedillo implicated in suicide note," 9/17/99, internet. "What is surprising," he writes, "is the open and singularly aggressive demeanor of the Mexican soldiers [who are] on American soil." In 1993, prior to the implementation of the more aggressive border patrol efforts, 23 migrants died attempting to enter the United States. How will the cartels respond to the extremely aggressive Chinese Triad drug marketing strategies? This page was last edited on 23 July 2020, at 00:00. article "Durango Cartel" is from Wikipedia, https://en.everybodywiki.com/index.php?title=Durango_Cartel&oldid=884683. In contrast, there are a significant number of investigative newspaper reporters in Mexico who seem willing to take on the cartels. Mayo and the rest form. Meanwhile, in June 2020, El 01 was successfully extradited to the US where he currently remains in jail. The cartels bring billions of American dollars into Mexico. They are from the same family. In response, the Colombian government has launched "Plan Colombia," a $7.5 billion effort to take out the drug traffickers and restore order to this beleaguered nation. Los Herreras is at 281 meters above sea level and is located in the east-central part of the state. The average annual temperature is 24C and average annual precipitation is 500 mm. It is one thing to sell to the Yankees and extract their dollars, but it is another thing entirely to tap into your own people. William Rodriguez, son of Miguel, was chosen to run the Cartel. meeting held at the request of ' El Mayo' Zambada, also Javier Torres Felix Marijuana is grown year-round in Mexico and the army has literally tons of harvested marijuana at its disposal, and even oversees the production and crop security end of the process in some regions. An additional example of the game that is played - a few hours after the United States announced that Mexico had been re-certified in 1997, Mexico announced that Humberto Abrego, a major player in the Gulf Cartel who was in custody in Mexico, walked out of the police headquarters and escaped somehow. When the crisis was initially made public, the government and the PRI stuck to a $59 billion figure, even in the face of Standard and Poor's estimate. Associated Press, "Mexico paper struggles to survive," 10/31/00, internet. 1, 6). During the 1999 certification process, however, neither Mica nor Feinstein challenged President Clinton regarding the re-certification of Mexico, although both publicly indicated that they still had serious reservations about the decision. As has been previously noted, Mexican Presidents serve for one, six year term. In his most vocal speech to date, on the even of his inauguration he specifically called on the United States to accept more of the blame for the drug problems (Associated Press, 11/27/00). The Durango Cartel, also known as the Herrera Cartel, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Durango City, Durango. This outraged the Mexican leadership and resulted in a 1998 agreement that limits the ability of U.S. agents to work in Mexico. O'Brien, John and Jan C. Greenburg, "Raids reveal how little guys climb the drug ladder," Chicago Tribune, 5/3/96, pp. Some died due to more natural cases (drowning, dehydration, cold weather), but others died due to violence. With more than $6 billion a year of much needed U.S. currency pouring into the Mexican economy from legals and illegals working north of the border, half of which likely comes from illegals (the so-called 'wet-back dollars'), American law enforcement can expect little serious help from the Mexican government in this arena (AFP, 10/30/00). More particularly, one party began to publicly accuse the other of being corrupt. Yes, access the map, zoom in and see the surroundings of this town and the municipality of Santiago Papasquiaro. Cox, James, "Mexico thrives under NAFTA, seeks more," USA Today, August 28, 2000, p. 7. Migratory traditions here run deep, started primarily by tumbling silver prices at the turn of the century. Current migration patterns began during the world wars, when there were labor shortages in the United States. There is no clamor in Mexico to stop the cartels. In June of 1995, co-leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, Hector Luis Palma Salazar, was arrested by the Mexican army in Guadalajara (Bulita, 1997). To avoid a complete economic meltdown, the Mexican government was forced to bailout the failed banks. But until 2009, the stolen car market will remain a very lucrative venue for the cartels. This occurred only hours before Tavia was to propose a plan to the Attorney General to purge the regional police of corrupt officers. 4. Upon further investigation, it was revealed that Federal Judicial Police were responsible for transporting the rest of the shipment from the airstrip to the drug distribution centers. Those arrested, He has also openly challenged the United States and Canada to spend up to $30 billion annually to close the "development gap" with Mexico so as to realize an economic convergence between the three nations. arrest and long-term incarceration of three key Chicago-based members of the As El Paso border liaison police officer Jesus Torrones indicated, "the criminals have always relied on the border to stop us, but that's not the case anymore" (Christian Science Monitor, 2/3/98). AFP, "Top Mexican official, business clan in drug trade: reports," 6/2/99, internet. 1, 16, 17. Jaime Herrera-Nevares was the patriarch of a huge criminal syndicate based in the mountain top village of Los Herreras, Durango, Mexico. activities 'El Viejito' had contacts with Colombian drug traffickers to smuggle This is not a new market of course, but the scope of this industry is expanding of late, and has the potential to even surpass the drug trade in time. It was " by far the strongest cocaine-trafficking group. This will bring the number of INS agents along the Mexican border up to 7,000, up from 3,500 in 1993 (Wright, 3/10/98). AFP, "US certifies Colombia, Mexico, Peru as allies in drug war," 2/27/99, internet. Robinson, Linda, "Mexican mayhem," U.S. News and World Report, July 12, 1999, p. 39. On the one hand, a number of economic indicators are solid. 5. President Fox has expanded his vision, calling for a coordinated Latin American war against drugs trafficking (Associated Press, 10/9/00). They must particularly resist the powerful and deeply entrenched forces within the Mexican culture that will attempt to deflect this electoral revolution into a "business as usual" reality and the continuance of the well-established governmental connections with the region's drug cartels. Ramos, an active PRI player, was commonly acknowledged to have been involved for many years in a multi-national auto-theft ring with underworld figures from Argentina and Colombia. Only recently has there been even a crack in PRI dominance. The role of the printed press in contemporary Mexico is also undergoing a significant shift. Use these stars ("0" you like little, "5" you like a lot) to rate with your opinion. In just over four years the meth business has been transformed from a series of small operations run by motorcycle gangs to a gigantic international market. AFP, "Mexican authorities investigate death of official accused of drug links," 5/29/99, internet. In September of 1994, PRI heir-apparent Jose Francisco Massieu was assassinated. He explained that Herrera Herrera's criminal AFP, "U.S. condemns release of Mexican 'Robin Hood' killers," 1/6/98, internet. Wilson, Woodrow, "The Study of Administration," Political Science Quarterly, June 1887 (reprinted in part in Donald C. Rowat, Basic Issues in Public Administration, New York: Macmillan, 1961). Current Figures/Structure of Los Cabreras. More substantively, he signed a free-trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association that will go into effect in July of 2001 . Oscar Malherve emerged as the next leader of this cartel, and due to his Juarez Cartel connections, seemed poised to move the Gulf Cartel back into a position of prominence, but he was arrested in 1997 and remains behind bars as of this writing. Publicly, the purpose of the visit was to discuss the creation of a Truth Commission that would begin to examine many of the atrocities that have occurred in Mexico over the past several decades (AP, 10/3/00). the "Durango drive-shaft," a sleeve-like device that surrounded the In September of 2000, deputy commerce secretary Raul Ramos was found dead in a rural area outside Mexico City. 14. AFP, "Mexico turns down request for extradition to US of methamphetamine king," 7/20/99, internet. While there would be many obstacles, there is no compelling reason a similar spirit of cooperation could not be developed in time between agents and agencies throughout the Americas. An independent press serves as a legitimate check on the government, informs the populous, and is crucial in the development and maintenance of a viable democracy. General Rosso Jose Serrano, director of the Colombian National Police, said in 1997, that Carrillo Fuentes's Mexican organization was overpowering the Colombian drug organizations. The dismembered bodies of both employees -- Adrian de la Torre, 25 and Julieta Calvillo, 58, -- were found January 12, along with that of a third official from the prosecutor's branch office in the city of Gomez Palacio. This gentler approach suggests the need to reduce the emphasis on profits, to retreat from the market culture ideology, to redistribute income, to provide more economic opportunities for the poor, and to adjust macro social values, ie. He is accused of embezzling in excess of $700 million (AFP, 9/9/99). During There it was either sold locally or distributed to other U.S. cities. What is clear is that the Mexican military are heavily involved in the transportation of marijuana and that they will use force to protect their business. Before examining those new markets, however, there is a need to review the current state of the Mexican political scene so as to better understand the context in which the Mexican drug cartels now find themselves. While the 1998 case against the Amezcua brothers (the current methamphetamine "kings") was trumpeted as evidence of improved cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico in the binational anti-drug battle, current problems in the case and with other similarly "botched" cases are upsetting the already tense relationship between the two countries (Christian Science Monitor, 5/23/99). Interestingly, he seems to be working most closely with Colombian President Pastrana in developing a solid political base for the notion (Associated Press, 10/9/00). By moving into the drug trade in their own country, the cartels will run the risk of turning their own people against them. A recent episode involving two low-ranking American military personnel attempting to smuggle a group of Mexicans across the border near Tijuana may only be considered a singular episode (AFP, 10/13/00), but people smuggling has the potential to overtake the drug trade in terms of gross revenue and profitability in the 21st century. Reuters, "Mexican Cardinal mourned amid questions about his death," 5/25/93, internet. Al Lowe, head of the El Paso County Auto Theft Task Force has indicated, "One of the biggest problems in this region is the proliferation of these auto theft rings associated with narco-traffickers" (Reuters, 1/6/98). In turn, parliaments, then the people, and today, I would suggest, multi-national corporations have taken their turn as the sovereigns of primary power. We don't have a clear idea of what that means." Colosio clearly represented a threat to the both the PRI elite and their companions, the drug cartels, who likely ordered his killing. Jorge is less discrete in his criminality than either his older brother or his father and has earned the reputation of being "ruthless, dangerous, and prone to violence against his enemies" (AFP, 6/2/99). On the negative side of the anti-drug law enforcement efforts, the transfer of ownership of the Panama Canal emerges as a practical obstacle to American drug interdiction activities. compartmentalized gas tanks and door panels to conceal the contraband. As long as the party-state arrangement continues, there will be little hope of any serious law enforcement attention given to the cartels; token efforts to please American certification requirements, yes, but no serious efforts of consequence, and public murders of this nature as well as other inappropriate behaviors, will continue to occur. They supply America with so-called "Mexican mud" (brown heroin), and have done so since at least the mid-1940s. As noted in the body of this paper, the most dominant terrorist groups seem to be the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) who have a combined force of some 20,000 members. 1978, the Chicago Herreras were grossing $60 million a year and had established Once nominated in this party-state system, the PRI candidate is all but elected. They only kill each other and an occasional "deserving/corrupt" politician. They tried to run their organization from prison, but failed. With perhaps as much as a $600 million a year income, these two narco-terrorist groups, some 20,000 strong, pose a legitimate external threat to the sovereignty of Colombia. Any serious effort to root out the cartels likely needs to await the emergence of a greatly improved Mexican economy; they are just too deeply entrenched within the fabric of the Mexican socio-economic culture. The United States has repeatedly called for Mexico to end the traditional impunity for high level officials. Reuters, "Fifth Mexican general jailed on drug charges," 1/23/98, internet.
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