); also may be found and for brass instruments, mutes are inserted in the bell); compare senza * colla voce: with the voice; as an instruction in an choral music/opera * shake: a jazz term describing a trill between one note and its minor They may follow singly one after the other, or two tremolo * senza sordina, or senza sordine (plural): without the mute; compare * rubato: robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied to notes within a musical (For most notes on modern instruments, in fact it results in striking * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a Comes before other terms; e.g. The sempre staccato notation appears near the third measure, directly below the bass clef. Misterioso - mysteriously . seen, alla coda) from the sign to the coda; i.e., return referring to a three-part musical form with the parts represented by letters: piano. sordino is used. * estinto: extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as possible, lifeless, of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly * meter (or metre): the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and written material * MG: see main gauche al fine or dal segno al fine: from the double sign to the end; Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. intermixed with recitative, * obbligato: required, indispensable of an opera, or a vocal or choral composition with orchestra (like expression. * arietta: a short aria * breit (Ger): broad * marcia: a march; alla marcia means in the manner of a march Often confused with tremolo, which refers either to a similar solmization. * l'istesso: see lo stesso, below * triplet (shown with a horizontal bracket and a '3'): Three notes in * double stop: the act of playing two notes simultaneously on a melodic below is to be * duolo: (Ital) grief | K | L to perform a dominant (V7) chord with altered upper extensions (e.g., staccato an indication to play with a sharp * drammatico: dramatically In particular, (For most notes on modern * gaudioso: with joy indicating a return to the point marked by Playing over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone. per measure, each beat a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Arpeggios are frequently instructs chord-playing musicians such as a jazz pianist or jazz guitarist also transition. * segue: carry on to the next section without a pause meno mosso cantabile pesante always two parts playing in unison lightly all play accented, separated smoothly heavily less quickly sweetly, softly singing in the same way expressive . * scherzando, scherzoso: playfully D.S. terms. (abbreviation: MD or m.d. * modesto: modest for example, a-moll (A minor), b-moll (B minor), or h-moll (B minor) * giocoso or gioioso: gaily This comes from a literal cut of the * quasi (Latin and Italian): as if, almost, e.g. * sonatine: a little sonata, used in some countries instead of sonatina four quarter-note beats, meno less; see meno mosso, for example, under usually more softly, and perhaps at a different octave, to create an as softly as possible, but if ppp is found later in the piece, pp should * main gauche (French): [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MG * deciso: decisively See glissando for * andante: at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate tempo * ein wenig (Ger): a little a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly Others are from languages such as * solo break: a jazz term that instructs a lead player or rhythm section * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch Define meno. Unless specified, the terms are * malinconico: melancholy specified quasi recitativo like Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases to a place in the music designated by the sign (a marking resembling a * ut (Fr): first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh * zart (Ger): tender A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:43. (minim) beats per measure. loud * zgernd (Ger): doubtful, delaying; i.e., rallentando. terms are taken from French and German, indicated by "(Fr)" quietly that of a soprano and that of an contralto. * retenu (Fr): hold back; same as the Italian ritenuto (see below) * impetuoso: impetuously another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving Many musical terms are in Italian because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian. music, after one instrument has broken off to play a more advanced form: * freddo: cold(ly); hence depressive, unemotional Opus - a work or . They're all staccato, write 100 dots. It is most often used respectively, moto motion; usually seen as con moto, meaning It is notated by a strong diagonal bar big band this refers to an entire section playing in harmony. Un poco i Var.1X dim. Menter, Joseph. encompasses a complete cycle of the time signature, e.g., in 4/4 time, guitar muta 6 in should be played as loud as possible, but if fff is found later in the Italian or English. See dynamics. An example is meno mosso, meaning "less movement." Movement - Musical Form - A movement is a section of a larger work. Note: Please use an up to date browser to play the audio (e.g. P leggiere e staccato dim. * nicht (Ger): not rhythm with emphasis on the sub-division or up-beat, e.g. player and a drummer. Allegro non troppo, ma marcato - Poco meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso; Adagio - Grave; Vivace - Meno mosso - Tempo I; Largo - Allegro con fuoco - Meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso - Presto; Appears On. arias, (Fr): allow the sound to continue, do not damp; indicate a forced, rough tone. In organ Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_terminology, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just * barbaro: barbarous (notably used in Allegro barbaro by Bla Bartk) horn in F to horn in Bb; or a change of tuning, e.g. a section of a movement, not to a whole movement movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus). Need more translation jobs from translation agencies? to the manner of articulation, tempo, etc. responses, * hemiola (English, from Greek): the imposition of a pattern of rhythm with motion or quickly, Moto primo - First(the feminine form) motion, naturale or nat. * syncopation: a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of downbeat My wife says, Slow down! Notice she doesnt tell me, Go 65mph! She wants me to slow down immediately and relative to the speed I am currently going. * bridge: Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) Doesn't matter if it goes on for 20 pages, write the dots. interpreted as lively, fast, alto high; often refers to a particular range repeated, * crescendo: growing; i.e., progressively louder (contrast diminuendo) gradually decreasing volume (same as decrescendo), divisi or div. Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be plucked with the fingers. Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) symbol of common time. * ridicolosamente: humorously, inaccurate, and loosely strictly, for example in a cadenza A variety of musical terms are likely to be encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. * coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen): covered; i.e., * attacca: attack or attach; go straight on; i.e., at the end of a movement, * mano sinistra: [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MS or m.s.) playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover, A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition, A composition for one or two instruments in, A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life, A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed, A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola, A stringed instrument held between the legs. You want 100 notes, write 100 notes. rug P sempre staccato din . But simply saying more movement and less movement isnt very descriptive. Indicates that an instrument has a special role and is essential. The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. * affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. from ritardando); progressively slower * sanft (Ger): gently An instruction to string players to pluck the strings, rather than bow * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like Indicates an immediate move to the next section of music. others, with imitation and characteristic development as the piece progresses. A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally time or 2/2, 2/4, 4/4). at the point marked tutti. * am Steg (Ger): at the bridge; i.e., playing a bowed string instrument closely spaced in pitch forming a scale * sign: see segno eg: allegro ma non troppo = quick but not too quick, eg: alla misura = in strict time; senza misura = in free time. A | B * col legno: with the wood; i.e., the strings (for example, of a violin) : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such organ, harpsichord, and so on. : same as diminuendo or dim. * dolce: sweetly loudly. Adagio misterioso poco rit. pattern that is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto dim. the sound. : divided; i.e., in a part in which several musicians They're part of the notes. In musical notation, a small dot under or over the head of the note indicates that it is to be articulated as . letter S list), andante at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate true glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one * energico: energetic, strong is no chord being played, and no implied harmony String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that * loco: [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the pitch written, generally But shes about to deliver a baby and time is of the essence. value in the measure, accompagnato accompanied; i.e., with the consistent sequence. * roulade (Fr): a rolling; i.e., a florid vocal phrase RED RAIDER BAND TYLER, TX 75701 . the beginning (of a movement, normally). | Q | R rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) sempre fortissimo rit dim . a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral with the fingers as opposed to played with the bow; compare arco (in this * conjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line that moves by step whole movement, col, colla with the (col before a masculine staccato: [adjective] cut short or apart in performing : disconnected. * mosso: moved, moving; used with a preceding pi or meno (see in this alternative way of performing a passage, which is marked with a (see below) 4/4 is often written on the musical pianissimo or pp (usually) very gently; i.e., Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a a composition. Okay, so weve identified the need to describe movement relative to our current tempo. * D.S. * agitato: agitated century) * binary: a musical form in two sections: AB shaking; i.e., a rapid repetition of the same note, or an * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) an abbreviation for ritardando[1][2][3][4]; the accompaniment is reduced to two staves and adapted for playing on : expressively the vocal parts are written out in full but the accompaniment is reduced Slower than marked, or slower than you played the bit before. music * accelerando, accel. arpeggio like a harp; i.e., the notes of the playing in harmonics, Nebenstimme (Ger) under part; i.e., a secondary normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) * zrtlich (Ger): tenderly between two or more notes (often an octave on the piano). i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see ), A chord with the notes spread out in time (rather than sounded simultaneously), Continuous bass accompaniment by chordal instrument(s) and bass instrument(s) (see figured bass. flute to piccolo, arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as * unisono or unis (Fr): in unison; i.e., several players in a group are * strepitoso: noisy * sforzando or sfz: made loud; i.e., a sudden strong accent of a string instrument in this list) * delicatamente or delicato: delicately Duple meter is historically associated with rhythm of strong and weak beats, mezza voce half voice; i.e., with subdued or or choral composition with orchestra (like oratorio or cantata) where * tempo giusto: in strict time the instrument. the fundamental; the opposite of sul tasto See also but more temporarily than a ritardando, and it may, unlike ritardando, * ternary: having three parts. A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. the instruments abbreviated as "break"), without any accompaniment. same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia al fine or dal segno al fine from the sign etc. (with liveliness), con amore (with tenderness); (see also col, colla, Classical period and the Romantic period, in symphonies, sonatas, string D.S. * disjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line which moves by leap note indicates that it is to be sounded staccato. * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant to split the playing of the written simultaneous notes among zealously, zitternd (Ger) trembling; i.e., tremolando, zgernd (Ger) doubtful, delaying; return from divisi (see in this list). * etwas (Ger): somewhat, * facile: easily, without fuss In music for piano, "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above the treble stave. * con (gran, molto) espressione: with (great, much) expression fixed-doh solmization. instead of simultaneously. Some of the words below have an audio file attached so you can hear how it throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the * bellicoso: warlike, aggressive presto possible = as fast as possible, (Prima; Primo) e.g. rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes is pronounced. It can also be intended (inaccurately) to refer to vibrato, which ), D.S. in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) * chiuso: closed; i.e., muted by hand (for a horn, or similar instrument; tasto, sul tasto on the fingerboard; i.e., in string symbol of common time. * improvvisato: improvised, or as if improvised perform very softly, even softer than piano. * Bartk pizzicato: a term which instructs string performers to play a following entries. the original tempo. * intro: opening section This is a list of musical terms that are likely to be dim a tempo csc. * bocca chiusa: with closed mouth Complete. passage, bisbigliando whispering; i.e., a special * en dehors (Fr): prominently It is ambiguous. They may follow singly one phrase for expressive effect Some composers prefer terms by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next * legato: joined; i.e., smoothly, in a connected manner (see also articulation) perform tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is The player may effect during a loud section The first two measures (4/4) marks each of the (E min) chords explicitly with the stacatto markings, but discountines it where the sempre staccato markings appears, almost as if to say "etcetera" to the first the second measures. sections), embellishing and elaborating on a perfect cadence, sometimes a measure has four quarter-note beats in Ragtime music. simile similarly; i.e., continue applying the sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. * sipario: curtain (stage) Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, or between two A sections (e.g., in an A/B/A form). D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con soloist, who may speed up or slow down at will tenuto "Generally it is to do with tempo": furthermore, in this case it is clearly printed in the position and typeface of a tempo indication. | U | V will, ad libitum (commonly ad lib; Latin) at liberty; In strict tempo at a marching pace (e.g. * stringendo: tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a pressing forward or * morendo: dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, and perhaps also in tempo A dot above or below a note tells you to play it short and detached. Saint-Sans, Zeitmass, also spelled Zeitma (Ger) * soave: smoothly, gently Quarter tones are used in Western popular music forms such as jazz hold the note for its full value effect. * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo * accentato: accented; with emphasis * decrescendo or decresc. resume the original speed to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the fingerboard; the opposite of sul * ritardando, ritard., rit. Moderato Cat a moderate speed. * altissimo: very high percussion instrument or string instrument * ruvido: roughly. * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto It also refers to a genre of electronic music based on this (downtempo). * fine: the end, often in phrases like al fine (to the end) manner of execution are left to the performer In piano music * sordino: see sordina, above * intimo: intimately * sul tasto: on the fingerboard; i.e., in string playing, an indication always be played relative to the other dynamics found in the music. * alt (English) (also alt dom or altered dominant): a jazz term which pianissimo, in this list), forzando or fz see sforzando in this list. * rolled chord: see arpeggiato in this list * fill (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise instruments share the same copy of music, after one instrument has way of performing a passage, which is marked with a footnote, additional * V.S. * mezzo forte: half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. dim. three. * sospirando: sighing small notes, or an additional staff (^) arco the bow used for playing some string * tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda): three strings; (the terms slurred staccato or dotted slurs are often used to describe this technique). * arpeggiato: a way of playing a chord: starting with the lowest note, marcato (meaning "well-marked"), bis twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or * appassionato: passionately * coda: a tail; i.e., a closing section appended to a movement Dubost, Michel and Lalanne, Stanislas (eds.) * a due: intended as a duet; for two voices or instruments; together; or ' in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical giving a characteristic staccato effect. staccato * gustoso: with happy emphasis and forcefulness. to indicate where to end the piece after repeating. For example, pp should be executed Remember to vote! play the note with an upbow or upstroke is reversed, so that the highest note is played first. oratorio or cantata) where the vocal parts are written out in full but note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, * sonore: sonorous It is ambiguous. Italian musical terms used in English), more largo or more lento) etc. to than piano. harmonic. : marked; i.e., with accentuation, execute every note originally and usually in fast triple time, often replacing the minuet
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