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"'A Countryside Full of Flames': A Reconsideration of the Stono Rebellion and Slave Rebelliousness in the Early Eighteenth-Century South Carolina Lowcountry." Increased fear among white plantation owners, Implementation of laws that restricted slave movements and freedoms, Freedom for those who instigated the rebellion, Deaths of white people and black people in Charleston, Freedom for all the enslaved peoples in the rebellion, A reorganization of plantation labor to create wage-based jobs, New laws that attempted to further restrict the autonomy of enslaved people. Why was the Stono Rebellion so important? The colony also imposed a prohibitive duty on the importation of new slaves in 1741 in an effort to stem the growth of South Carolina's slave population. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadnt been before, and probably would have happened anyway. After Nat Turners Rebellion in 1831, where nearly 60 white people were killed, Turner was executed. Which European rival to the British issued a proclamation enticing slaves to run away to Florida for freedom? And the most effective way to achieve that is through investing in The Bill of Rights Institute. But Stono was the catalyst. https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion, "Stono Rebellion These anxieties and worries came to fruition in the Stono Rebellion. ", George Cato, interviewed by Stiles M. Scruggs, " 'As It Come Down to Me:' Black Memories of Stono in the 1930s", "The Stono River Slave Rebellion Was Nearly Erased from SC's History Books", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stono_Rebellion&oldid=1147088369, African-American history of South Carolina, History of Catholicism in the United States, National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina, National Register of Historic Places in Charleston County, South Carolina, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 March 2023, at 19:54. Several factors influenced slaves timing of the rebellion, including a suspicious visit to Charleston by a priest who contemporaries thought was employed by the Spaniards to procure a general Insurrection of the Negroes, a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September, and rumors of war between Spain and England. It was the first rebellion in the American Colonies in which the frontiersmen took part. The previous year, seventy slaves from South Carolina had traveled over water and land as they fled successfully to Florida and freedom. Which of the following was most influential in the initial violent success of the Stono Rebellion? Although these provisions placed tighter controls on slaves, they were not wholly effectual in regulating slave behavior. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. The Stono Rebellion - the largest slave revolt in the American colonies before the American Revolutiontook place on September 9, 1739 near the Stono River in St. Paul's Parish, South Carolina. Planters whipped enslaved people who refused to work; others turned to the dismemberment of toes, feet, fingers, hands, or earsthe extent of white violence depended on the size and density of the enslaved population. Is this how to remember black heroes? "Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People." Turner and the other rebels were eventually stopped by White state militias (Aptheker, 1993). Realizing what was happening, Bull and his outnumbered companions wheeled their horses and fled, narrowly eluding capture and sounding an alarm as they went. In the 1760s, an enslaved person in Virginia killed four white planters, and other small plots to kill owners were successful. On Sunday, August 21, 1831, Nat Turner met in the forest on the outskirts of a Virginia plantation with six fellow slaves. Hoffer, Peter Charles. It is also probable that many of the rebels were recently imported from the Kingdom of Kongo and that their religious beliefs (a syncretic form of Catholicism) influenced the uprising's timing. The immediate factors that sparked the uprising remain in doubt. . What was the significance of Bacons Rebellion? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . BRIs Comprehensive US History digital textbook, BRIs primary-source civics and government resource, BRIs character education narrative-based resource. This problem has been solved! These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Its causes and effects are an essential case study into the treatment of enslaved people and the tensions in the colonies. Masters, for example, were penalized for imposing excessive work or brutal punishments of slaves and a school was started so that slaves could learn Christian doctrine. The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Some of these insurrections were as terrifying for enslavers as Stono, such as the Gabriel Prosser revolt of enslaved people in 1800, Vesey's rebellion in 1822, and Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831. The StonoRebellion(also known as Cato's Conspiracyor Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revoltthat began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. After journeying for about 10 miles, the group of roughly 60 to 100 people rested, and the militia found them. An impromptu militia of white planters used weapons to wound and maim the rebellious slaves. As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who controlled these enslaved peoples' labor production and lives. Wright, Donald R. African Americans in the Colonial Era: From African Origins through the American Revolution. was an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colonys south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. Most ominously, the settlers were concerned about a recent proclamation from Spanish Florida offering freedom to their runaway slaves. Edited by Giles Gunn, Slavery Bedford/St. The Spanish proclamation went into effect in 1733, but it was enforced only with the arrival of a new Florida governor, Manuel Montiano, in 1737. A., & Brody, D. (2009). Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. But violence ultimately controlled slaves and compelled their labor. Explain the extent to which the Stono Rebellion changed the system of slavery in British North American colonies. By four oclock between twenty and one hundred armed planters and militiamen, possibily alerted to the revolt by Bulls party, confronted the rebels in what was thereafter known as the battlefield. The rebels distinguished themselves as courageous, even in the eyes of their enemies, but white firepower won the day. South Carolina also wanted to slow the rate of importation; Black people outnumbered White people in South Carolina, and South Carolinians feared insurrection. Slavery is the unconditional servitude of one individual to another. What was the immediate impact of the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. New York: Norton, 1974. A s Jemmy and his group made their way south-west, more slaves joined the Stono rebellion. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. But Stono was the catalyst. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410 (accessed May 1, 2023). CLASS: It exposed resentments between backcountry frontiersmen against wealthy planters in Virginia. Explore our upcoming webinars, events and programs. Plantation owners increased the harshness of their disciplinary actions against unruly slaves. The uprising was South Carolinas largest and bloodiest slave insurrection. The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. Why was the Haitian Revolution important? Other slaves joined the rebellion until the group reached about 60 members. Almost every rebel successfully reached Florida, gaining freedom. Will you pass the quiz? The band reached the Edisto River where white colonists descended upon them, killing most of the rebels. Conflict with Spain, Britains imperial rival, also caused talk of war to increase in the port city. Why were Creoles ready to revolt by 1808? Exhausted from their journey, they stopped in a field to rest, celebrate their freedom, and wait for more of their fellow slaves to join the escape. 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws. It is also likely that the slaves viewed a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September and rumors of war between Spain and England as fortuitous to their timing of the insurrection. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At about eleven oclock, Lieutenant Governor William Bull encountered the insurgents on his way to Charleston. As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who owned and controlled these enslaved people. South Carolinians were contemplating passing the Security Act, which would have required all White men to take their firearms with them to church on Sunday, presumably in case of unrest among a group of enslaved people broke out. All Rights Reserved. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Journal of Negro History 67, no. On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. The emboldened slaves traveled along the road, burning six more houses and killing several of the white inhabitants, whether wealthy planters or poor farmers. As slavery continued to grow in the American colonies, there were occasional slave rebellions. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! The fugitive slaves were of Congolese origin, a nation in Africa that had been militarized by conflict, so they had some military experience. What were the effects of this violent slave rebellion? Whites perceived the Stono insurrection to have continued at least until the following Sunday, when militiamen encountered the largest group of disbanded rebels another thirty miles south. slave / slv/ n. chiefly hist. . A few slaves were released but others were shot and some were decapitated, their heads displayed conspicuously on posts. What was the impact of the Stono Rebellion? //. Some of the insurgents were rounded up in the spring of 1740, with one leader eluding capture until 1742. In the confusion, about thirty escaped into the countryside. Colonial Slave Rebellions: As slavery continued to grow in the American colonies, there were occasional slave rebellions. Stono Rebellion, 1739. The slave revolt was unsuccessful, and it ended up making things worse for slaves in the colony. White colonists, especially in the south, were all too aware that the enslaved people they had brought to the colonies outnumbered them eight to one. The Protestant Revolution of 1689, sometimes called Coodes Rebellion after one of its leaders, John Coode, took place in the Province of Maryland when Puritans, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government led by the Roman Catholic Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. The rebellion occurred on Sunday, 9 September, which is significant as Sunday was the enslaved people's day of rest. But only the Stono Rebellion and Nat Turner's Rebellion achieved any success. Explain the circumstances that allowed for the rise of the Stono Rebellion. Read about its causes, its conclusion, and its effects on South Carolina and on the institution of slavery. Bacons Rebellion was a popular revolt in colonial Virginia in 1676 which was led by Nathaniel Bacon. Updates? By late afternoon the original insurgents had covered ten miles. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Why was the Spanish Revolution important? The slave revolt was unsuccessful, and it ended up making things worse for slaves in the colony. A grim fate often awaited slaves who were recaptured in the aftermath of rebellions. Fig. Stono Rebellion. Why was the Battle of Yorktown important to American history? The white population was convinced enslaved people and poor white people were conspiring to burn down the city. Slaves were oppressed by a brutal system of forced labor and sometimes violently rebelled. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. More than 20 white Carolinians, and nearly twice as many black Carolinians, were killed. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. South Carolina's Lieutenant Governor, William Bull, and four companions encountered the insurgents before noon, but managed to escape and warned other whites of the revolt. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. Pearson, Edward A. What Were the Top 4 Causes of the Civil War? Learn more about the different ways you can partner with the Bill of Rights Institute. At four p.m., up to one hundred armed planters and militiamen, possibly alerted by Bull, confronted the rebels. Several factors played a role in the timing of the rebellion. Why is the Glorious Revolution important? Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Africans who remained enslaved often bargained with their masters over the terms of their enslavement; some bartered extra work for better food and clothing; others seized small privileges such as books and dared the master to revoke them. The rebellion was stopped by a white militia, with many African rebels being killed or executed for their role in the revolt. The Stono Rebellion was so important because it reflected slave resistance in its most dramatic form and resulted in the tightening of slave codes. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. The Stono Rebellion (also known as Catos Conspiracy or Catos Rebellion) was a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. 5. The white community set out in armed pursuit, and by dusk half the slaves were dead and half had escaped; most were eventually captured and executed. Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes What happened in this rebellion, when was it, and how significant was this rebellion for enslaved people? The rebellion began at the Stono River in St. Paul 's Parish, near Charleston, South Carolina. Slave At the time, Spain and England were at odds over trade, and Spain explored ways to disrupt that trade. Authorities also tightened control over the enslaved. Her work focuses on African American history, including the Civil Rights Movement. Americans at War. In reaction to these revolts and growing fears, white colonists cut the imports of newly enslaved people and tightened plantation discipline and slave codes of conduct. Why did the Upper Canada Rebellion happen? The basic cause of the Stono Rebellion was the fact that society in South Carolina was changing with large numbers of new slaves being brought to the colony. The Stono Rebellion was a violent albeit failed attempt by as many as one hundred slaves to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom in Spanish-controlled Florida. We equip students and teachers to live the ideals of a free and just society. The planters allowed others to return to their plantations and await their fate. Wax, Darold D. "'The Great Risque We Run': The Aftermath of Slave Rebellion at Stono, South Carolina, 17391745." Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina From 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. ." Journal of Southern History 67, no. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. "Stono Rebellion About a week later, whites discovered a group of ten runaways and killed them in a pitched battle. Below is an account from the perspective of a white South Carolinian. To rest and also to draw more slaves to their ranks, they decided to delay crossing the Edisto River. Other Africans, provoked beyond endurance, killed their owners or overseers. "Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People." Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson's store at Stono's bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. But Stono was the catalyst. On Sept. 9, 1739, early on a Sunday morning, about 20 enslaved people gathered at a spot near the Stono River. By the middle of the eighteenth century, there were so many slaves in South Carolina that the majority of the inhabitants were Black. (April 27, 2023). ." This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Along the way, the group collected more . Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. Contemporaries thought that the revolt was inspired in part by a visit to Charleston by a priest who relayed the Spanish offer of freedom in Florida. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. In 1822, a conspiracy to incite 9,000 slaves became known as Veseys Rebellion. Where did the Stono Rebellion take place? Poorer farmers had smaller farms and fewer slaves but were just as interested in controlling the slave population through a variety of means, including whipping, slave patrols, and a version of Christianity that promoted obedience. Sign up to highlight and take notes. While not a direct challenge to the authority of the state, the Stono Rebellion nevertheless alerted white authorities to the dangers of slave revolt, caused a good deal of angst among planters, and resulted in legislation designed to control slaves and lessen the chances of insurrection by the colonys black majority population.