Persians have contributed to various forms of art, including calligraphy, carpet weaving, glasswork, lacquerware, marquetry (khatam), metalwork, miniature illustration, mosaic, pottery, and textile design.[16]. Iran also controls about a dozen islands in the Persian Gulf. Most of the population lives on the edges of this forbidding waterless waste. Xenophon describes the carpet production in the city of Sardis, stating that the locals take pride in their carpet production. The Persian is usually a medium sized cat, although she is massive and heavily boned. Throughout the 1st millennium AD, the large presence of the Sarmatians who once dominated Ukraine, Southern Russia, and swaths of the Carpathians, gradually started to diminish mainly due to assimilation and absorption by the Germanic Goths, especially from the areas near the Roman frontier, but only completely by the Proto-Slavic peoples. [80] Fars, corresponding to the ancient province of Persia, with its modern capital Shiraz, became a center of interest, particularly during the annual international Shiraz Arts Festival and the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire. Later, during the 2nd millennium AD, the Iranian peoples would play a prominent role during the age of Islamic expansion and empire. canal noun artificial waterway. Much of Iran is cut off from the outside world by a . To the east, it reaches into the Minusinsk depression, with some sites as far west as the southern Ural Mountains,[55] overlapping with the area of the earlier Afanasevo culture. Herodotus recounts this story,[26] devising a foreign son, Perses, from whom the Persians took the name. [56] Additional sites are scattered as far south as the Koppet Dag (Turkmenistan), the Pamir (Tajikistan) and the Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan). The vast majority of Iranians are Muslims of the Ithn Ashar, or Twelver, Shii branch, which is the official state religion. "Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features ()". While they may have only had an average height of around 5.8 feet tall, this was still much taller than the average Roman or Greek of the day, which averaged approximately 5.5 feet. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. Wiesbaden, pp 79-92. In Greek inscription says "ego tou Arianon ethnous despotes eimi", which translates to "I am the king of the kingdom (nation) of the Iranians". 5th-century BC Achaemenid gold vessels. This is false, as they speak a language called Farsi, which is from the Indo-European family. Analyzed samples of Iranian Persians, Kurds, Azeris, Lurs, Mazanderanis, Gilaks and Arabs cluster tightly together, forming a single cluster known as the CIC (Central Iranian cluster). Aside from religious observances, shopping sprees in festively lit buildings mark the birthday celebration of the 12th imam. Genetically speaking, Iranian peoples generally cluster closely with European and other Middle Eastern peoples. Geographically, much of Iran consists of a central desert plateau, which is ringed on all sides by lofty mountain ranges that afford access to the interior through high passes. There are several ethnic groups and communities that are either ethnically or linguistically related to the Persian people, living predominantly in Iran, and also within Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, the Caucasus, Turkey, Iraq, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.[88]. The Iranian peoples [1] or Iranic peoples [2] are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples [1] [3] who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities. A connection between Proto-Slavonic and Iranian languages is also furthermore proven by the earliest layer of loanwords in the former. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on December 15, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD. The Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were spread across Great Hungarian Plain, South-Eastern Ukraine, Russias Siberian, Southern, Volga,[59] Uralic regions and the Balkans,[60][61][62] while other Scythian tribes, such as the Saka, spread as far east as Xinjiang, China. With numerous artistic, scientific, architectural, and philosophical achievements and numerous kingdoms and empires that bridged much of the civilized world in antiquity, the Iranian peoples were often in close contact with people from various western and eastern parts of the world. [20] In the late part of the Avesta (Videvdat 1), one of the mentioned homelands was referred to as Airyan'm Vajah which approximately means "expanse of the Iranians". Some have large deep black eyes, whereas others will have eyes of a deep blue, grey, or green color. The Arabs conquered the Sassanid Empire of the Persians and seized much of the Byzantine Empire populated by the Kurds and others. [4][5] At their peak of expansion in the mid-1st millennium BC, the territory of the Iranian peoples stretched across the entire Eurasian Steppe, from the Great Hungarian Plain in the west to the Ordos Plateau in the east and the Iranian Plateau in the south.[6]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. The Persians are known for their intricately inlaid metalwork as well as for their legacy of extraordinary architecture. There are an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers of Iranian languages, the six major groups of Persians, Lurs, Kurds, Tajiks, Baloch, and Pashtuns accounting for about 90% of this number. [108] A number of Iranian peoples were also intermixed with the Slavs,[9] and many were subjected to Slavicisation.[10][11]. Most researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe. Finely decorated pre-Islamic structures still stand in several ancient cities, as do spectacular mosques and shrines from the Muslim era. Persias conquest by the Muslim Arabs in the 7th century ce was to leave the most lasting influence, however, as Iranian culture was all but completely subsumed under that of its conquerors. Charshanbe Suri and Sizdebedar) begin on the eve of the last Wednesday of the preceding year in the Iranian calendar and last on the 13th day of the new year. "[40] One group were the Indo-Aryans who founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern Syria;[41] (c.1500 c.1300 BC) the other group were the Vedic people. These behaviors are, in fact, "socially-sanctioned" as your friend mentioned. Female: medium: 8-12 lbs. Iranian culture is today considered to be centered in what is called the Iranian Plateau, and has its origins tracing back to the Andronovo culture of the late Bronze Age, which is associated with other cultures of the Eurasian Steppe. Apparently, the Persians themselves knew the story,[27] as Xerxes I tried to use it to suborn the Argives during his invasion of Greece, but ultimately failed to do so. 2., inscription of the Seleucid and Parthian periods of Eastern Iran and Central Asia. He uses the same analogue as in differentiating German from Germanic or differentiating Turkish and Turkic. The Iranian New Year's Day, Nowruz, which translates to "new day", is celebrated by Persians and other peoples of Iran to mark the beginning of spring on the vernal equinox on the first day of Farvardin, the first month of the Iranian calendar, which corresponds to around March 21 in the Gregorian calendar. The Iranian dominance collapsed in 330 BC following the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander the Great, but reemerged shortly after through the establishment of the Parthian Empire in 247 BC, which was founded by a group of ancient Iranian people rising from Parthia. Brill and London: Luzac, 191338. At first, the Western Iranian peoples in the Near East were dominated by the various Assyrian empires. Ancient Persians were known for being of a relatively large stature. The Sarmatians differed from the Scythians in their veneration of the god of fire rather than god of nature, and women's prominent role in warfare, which possibly served as the inspiration for the Amazons. [73] At their greatest reported extent, around the 1st century AD, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas as well as the Caucasus to the south. About one-third of its 4,770-mile (7,680-km) boundary is seacoast. [104][105] The Aimaqs, a semi-nomadic people native to Afghanistan,[106] speak a variety of Persian by the name of Aimaqi, which also belongs to the Dari dialect continuum.[82][107]. But note that these are stereotypes only. This strategic positionand its access to the Persian Gulf in the southhave made Iran an important country throughout its history. Nrz starts on the last Wednesday of the old year and continues until the 13th day of the new year. Also, both Slavs and Iranians had demons - given names from similar linguistic roots, Dava (Iranian) and Div (Slavic) - and a concept of dualism, of good and evil. [56] Throughout the period, Iranian identity reached its height in every aspect. There are also small communities of Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians. In ancient Iran, fire was kept with great care in fire temples. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, Physical Characteristics Of The Persian People, Divided Attention: 10 Examples and Overview, Machiavellianism: 10 Examples and Definition, Overgeneralization: 10 Examples and Definition, 17 Gender Stereotype Examples (For Men and Women). Among the most renowned Persian literary figures are 10th-century court poet, musician, and singer Rdak, who composed versified renditions of local lore; mathematician, astronomer, and skeptic Omar Khayyam, to whom is attributed a collection of quatrains advocating a hedonistic approach to an otherwise meaningless life; and Rm, a 13th-century mystic of the Sufi branch of Islam, whose compilation of couplets in Masnav-yi Manav (Spiritual Couplets) has influenced religious thought and literature throughout the Muslim world. This revolution brought a regime to power that uniquely combined elements of a parliamentary democracy with an Islamic theocracy run by the countrys clergy. You can be Iranian and not speak Persian. [25] In the Bible, particularly in the books of Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemya, it is given as Prs (). Islamic festivals are also widely celebrated by Muslim Persians. [127], Iranian music, as a whole, utilizes a variety of musical instruments that are unique to the region, and has remarkably evolved since the ancient and medieval times. [44] The Medes, another group of ancient Iranian people, unified the region under an empire centered in Media, which would become the region's leading cultural and political power of the time by 612 BC. [111] They do however continue to use Avestan as their liturgical language. The capital is Tehrn, a sprawling jumbled metropolis at the southern foot of the Elburz Mountains. They primarily live in Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro as well as in North Macedonia, Slovenia, Germany and Austria. This article will discuss five physical characteristics and five stereotypical traits of the Persian people. THE ETHNONYM: ORIGINS AND APPLICATION", "AZERBAIJAN vii. A special mention of Persian carpets is also made by Athenaeus of Naucratis in his Deipnosophistae, as he describes a "delightfully embroidered" Persian carpet with "preposterous shapes of griffins". Not all Persian literature is written in Persian, as works written by Persians in other languagessuch as Arabic and Greekmight also be included. The Anatolians were Indo-European-speaking peoples of the Anatolian Peninsula in present-day Turkey, identified by their use of the Anatolian languages. The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Bronze Age Indo-Iranian cultures that flourished c. 1800900 BC in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. The body is short, but thick with thick legs and a short, thick neck. Eye color: Blue, Copper, Green, Hazel, Odd-eyed Expectations: Longevity Range: 8-11 yrs. Corrections? The RomanPersian wars and the ByzantineSasanian wars would shape the landscape of Western Asia, Europe, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin for centuries. Iran is bounded to the north by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea, to the east by Pakistan and Afghanistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. About The Helpful Professor This age-old tradition was based on the idea that people should protect their family and personal name. [74] Persian language and culture continued to prevail after the invasions and conquests by the Mongols and the Turks (including the Ilkhanate, Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Khwarazmians, and Timurids), who were themselves significantly Persianized, further developing in Asia Minor, Central Asia, and South Asia, where Persian culture flourished by the expansion of the Persianate societies, particularly those of Turco-Persian and Indo-Persian blends. 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