Google Scholar. The data are the means (SEs) of three independent experiments, with five replicates each (p<0.05). PubMed All the clean reads were aligned to the reference genome (http://cucurbitgenomics.org/) of cucumber (Chinese Long genome V2) by TopHat2 (http://tophat.cbcb.umd.edu/). Cotyledons were excised from cucumber seedlings grown for 10 d under a 14-h light/10-h dark photoperiod and then kept in the dark for the number of days indicated. The data are the means (SEs) of three independent experiments, with five replicates each (P<0.05). Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Colle, M., Weng, Y., Kang, Y., Ophir, R. & Grumet, R. Variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit size and shape results from multiple components acting pre-anthesis and post-pollination. The quality and quantity of the purified RNA were then determined by measuring the absorbance at 260nm/280nm (A260/A280) using a SmartSpec Plus instrument (BioRad, USA). 20, 255264 (2001). Gardencue.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Auxin homeostasis depends on the balance between its biosynthesis, metabolism, and inter- and intracellular transport9. Arabidopsis Book 12, e0173 (2014). Two MacBook Pro with same model number (A1286) but different year, Extracting arguments from a list of function calls. Soil is wet more than enough. I don't know if the problem is disease, nutrient lack, or pest. Genetic analysis on bent characters of cucumber fruit. Your experience can help others. There are many causes, requiring you to do a little detective work to correct the situation. c Percentage of curved fruits of Col and OX plants. Plant embryogenesis requires aux/lax-mediated auxin influx. Cotyledons Leaves first curling, getting white and plant wilting and dying. (Fig. Phylogenetic tree analysis (Supplementary Fig. Wait out to see how it reacts. Tepanova, A. N. et al. Looks like you're in good shape! Wang, Y. C. & Guo, H. W. On hormonal regulation of the dynamic apical hook development. Weiler, E., Jourdan, P. & Conrad, W. Levels of indole-3-acetic acid in intact and decapitated coleoptiles as determined by a specific and highly sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Not bone dry but once every other day in the seed pot 1X2" and now in 3" pots it will stay the same, every other day or whenever the plant and pot feel light to lift. Insect Pests: Sap-sucking pests sometimes interfere with developing cucumber fruits, though the cucumber fruit curl that results from this sort of damage will have a much more irregular pattern than other causes. J. Exp. Check the lower side of the leaves. Che, G. & Zhang, X. L. Molecular basis of cucumber fruit domestication. Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturers instructions and reverse transcribed to cDNA using a kit (Toyobo, Japan). The Arabidopsis YUCCA1 flavin monooxygenase functions in the indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of auxin biosynthesis. 5a). The auxin concentration was 2.01-, 1.54- and 1.37-fold higher on the convex side than on the concave side in the fruits of the L18, D0859, and D0328-3 varieties, respectively, at 4 DPA; these results correlate with the respective curved fruit ratios of 52.56%, 39.28%, and 28.21% in these genotypic varieties. Plz give me control measures. So without any delay, lets get straight to the point-. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Prune once in 2 or 3 weeks only if the vines are becoming too bushy. If cucumbers are being watered too often, the soil is poorly drained or they need more fertilizer, cucumbers will typically have symptoms of leaf turning yellow and downward curling cucumber vines. As shown in Supplementary Fig. Likewise, CmYUC6 and CmYUC11 are significantly upregulated in the seeds and fruit mesocarp of melon (Cucumis melo)43, and high YUCCA levels in strawberry seeds correlate with auxin biosynthesis and fruit development44. of 13-13-13 fertilizer, then side dressed with 6 additional ounces (177.5 mL.) 150, 11111121 (2009). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. That makes me think it is a pest (maybe mites) or a virus. 2. I'll guess I'll have to start over and try again. Just plant some more directly in the ground. For the L18, D0328-3, and D0859 genotypes, 150, 50, and 50 plants were grown, respectively, in a controlled chamber at Northeast Agricultural University under a 12-h photoperiod at 29C/17C (day/night) and 75% relative humidity. Article Theor. Curr. so it is very important to take steps to control pest problems. We cut cucumber cotyledons into small pieces or rubbed both surfaces between thumb and finger with or without a carborundum slurry. Shule, it does seem like calcium might be a problem. It only takes a minute to sign up. $26 at Ulta Beauty $23 at JCPenney. 6c). Plantix helps farmers around the world to improve their farming methods. & Bangerth, F. Cell number, cell size and hormone levels in semi-isogenic mutants of lycopersicon pimpinellifolium differing in fruit size. 64, 45414557 (2013). Results (a) The effect of virus infection on cotyledon growth From 10 to 30 lesions appeared on each cotyledon 3-4 days after inocula- You are paying a lot of attention to what you see, thinking about it, and giving the plants all the help you can. S.L., C.W., and Z.Q. Yellowing and discolored leaves. What size pot and what type soil have you used? Plant Sci. Functional pathway enrichment on the concave (C1) and convex (C2) sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA according to GSEA. Following the application of AVG (0.1M) to the concave side of the ovary during the preanthesis stage, we observed that the fruit exhibited a relatively straight phenotype at 4 DPA (Supplementary Fig. The last decade has witnessed rapid development of genetic and genomics resources including draft genome . If its getting too much heat and sunlight, relocate the plant to an area where there is less sun exposure. Furthermore, the auxin transporter genes AUX1 and LAX3 and auxin response factors (ARFs) also play an essential role in differential hook growth17. Mix the ingredients well and spray thoroughly on both sides of the leaves. Ruiz Rosquete, M., Barbez, E. & Kleine-Vehn, J. Similarly, the volume of NOA and AVG was 20L, with 10% Tween. Importantly, tryptophan was the major auxin biosynthetic precursor, as inferred through our experiments. Sci. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. A curve angle of 020 at 0 DPA correlated to straight fruit, while an angle >20 was indicative of a curved shape (Supplementary Fig. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were chosen based on the following criteria: p value<0.01, |log2 ratio1| and false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05. Different cucumber CsYUC genes regulate response to abiotic stresses and flower development. Unfortunately, most of the seedlings have become stunted and don't grow at all. You can also do some light watering if the soil seems too dry. Apply a well-balanced vegetable fertilizer that contains all the macro and micronutrients for cucumber including magnesium, iron, and calcium. Rep. 6, 20760 (2016). At first I had them in a sunny window and then gradually moved them outside most of the day. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), high lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) activity has been detected in the soluble fraction prepared from cotyledons of germinating seeds, and the involvement of this enzyme in lipid turnover has been suggested (K. Matsui, M. Irie, T. Kajiwara, A. Hatanaka [1992] Plant Sci 85: 23-3 In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Where does the version of Hamapil that is different from the Gemara come from? Interpreting non-statistically significant results: Do we have "no evidence" or "insufficient evidence" to reject the null? 4, 4457 (2009). You might consider growing cooler weather crops outside, such as radishes, sorrel, and bunching onions. N. Phytologist. Slider with three articles shown per slide. How much water are you giving them? Cucurbits grow several inches of root depth by the time they have their first true leaves. Loss of WEI2 and WEI7 has no obvious effect on auxin phenotypes; however, upregulation of WEI2 and WEI7 contributes to auxin accumulation in the roots11. So its very important to provide the right amount of nutrients into the soil for better cucumber production. We observed 188, 182, 189, and 176 fruits produced by the control, OX4, OX7, and OX10 lines (Supplementary Table S6). The spatiotemporal distribution of auxin is controlled by auxin resistant 1 (AUX1), like aux (LAX1-3) proteins mediate auxin influx, and PIN-formed (PIN1-8) mediates auxin efflux, all of which collectively regulate organ-level auxin transport12,13. Yan, S. et al. Spray it twice a week until the problem stops. The exocarps were collected from both sides of the suitably treated fruits at 4 DPA to analyze the auxin content and transcript levels of CsYUC10b. This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program for Breeding Seven Key Crops (2016YFD0101700), the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University (18XG06), the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund (LBH-Q16021), and the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (LH2019C033). In cucumber, cell division at the earliest stages (04 DPA) plays a decisive factor in the final fruit size and shape, and fruit elongation peaks at ~412 DPA. The upregulation of PpYUC11 in peach (Prunus persica) is correlated with increased auxin synthesis and fruit maturation42. After that, apply a fungicide that does not contain any toxic chemicals(. 93, 770772 (2007). J. Exp. Some have died. Note: In the case of all homemade recipes, always use the mixture in a small area of the plant first. wrote the entire manuscript; and Z.Q. b Auxin concentration on the C1 and C2 sides of curved fruits and on both sides of straight fruits of the L18 (52.56%), D0859 (39.28%) and D0328-3 (28.21%) genotypes at 4 DPA. Two proteins from ethylene-treated cotyledons were purified on the basis of their association with a red chromaphore and subsequently were identified as peroxidases. It can happen due to Water Stress, Nutrient Deficiency, Environmental Stress, Aphid attack, and some Diseases. It seems to be a disease or pests that spread from one plant to the next. Zhang, P. et al. But it seems to be spreading from the sick to the healthy. Xie, C. et al. The little pots you have are better, but 6-8" deep would be even better - quart milk cartons with holes punched in the bottom for example. Thus, we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits, with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber. The first symptoms of an anthracnose infection appear on the leaves of cucumber plants. Given the advancement of genome sequencing technology, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a comprehensive and accurate tool for analyzing key genes and molecular mechanisms. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. So, it is better to check the soil moisture with a moisture meter, You can also improve the soil drainage by adding sand, vermiculite, or perlite (, Apply a well-balanced vegetable fertilizer that contains all the macro and micronutrients for cucumber including magnesium, iron, and calcium. Front. These results do not account for CsYUC10b, which had no relationship with major effector genes responsible for fruit curving. a Auxin concentration on the C1 and C2 sides of curved fruits and on both sides of straight fruits at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 DPA. CAS Development 137, 607617 (2010). The exocarps (0.1cm thick) were dissected from the C1 and C2 sides of nine curved fruits of the L18 variety at 2 DPA. qRT-PCR was performed using 10L of 2x Fast qPCR Master Mixture (DiNing, China), 0.5L each of the forward and reverse primers (10M), 2L of cDNA template and ddH2O such that the total volume was 20L. I only water when the soil gets dry. In addition, weak insensitive 2 (WEI2) and weak ethylene insensitive 7 (WEI7) are known rate-limiting enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the auxin precursor tryptophan. Article Thanks for contributing an answer to Gardening & Landscaping Stack Exchange! However, CsLAX2 expression was similar on both sides of the curved fruits from 4 to 10 DPA (Fig. Poor Nutrition: Cucumbers are heavy feeders and require a significant amount of nutrition to fruit properly. Auxin plays an important role in apical hook development in A. thaliana by inducing differential cell growth on both sides of the hook. Picture of the effected cucumber leaf is given. J. An enrichment score (ES) of 1.3 and p<0.05 was considered significant23. But I of course don't know for sure. If these are your only yellow seedling leaves, your plants are perfectly healthy. Shule, I guess I will plant some more seeds directly in the ground. 3c). 15 days sowing, Fadia variety, 1st drench done with roko, Humic acid and 12:61:0,20 ml per plant. Since they are very tiny you may not be able to see the bugs sometimes. Stepanova, A. et al. As the ovaries of cucumber flowers are elongating, young fruits can easily deform when they catch on flower petals, vines, or leaves. To test this hypothesis, we treated one side of the ovaries from straight fruits with synthetic auxin (NAA) at 0 DPA and observed faster growth of the fruit on the treated versus the untreated side, eventually resulting in a curved shape. Asymmetric auxin distribution is a key factor driving the differential growth of plant organs. You'll notice this when you thin them if you plant several seeds per hill. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Bot. Mix the ingredients and spray in the plants every week. I don't know about cucumbers, but when peppers have distorted growth in the leaves like that, it tends to indicate that the plant isn't getting enough calcium. But only by seeing the shriveled-up leaves, you cannot determine what is the nutrient deficiency of the soil. Google Scholar. Moving from a windowsill to full sun might not be a great idea. 4d). If your seedling leaves are parallel with light rays from a grow light or the sun, it may be past time to water your seedling trays, and back that grow light out a bit. I realize these are pretty general suggestions, but I hope they will help you going forward. Wang, H., Sui, X., Guo, J., Wang, Z. Cucurbits seem to grow best if they are not transplanted, but sown directly. Every gardener wants a corner of his garden for growing refreshing cucumbers to enjoy on a hot day. All the values were expressed in reads per kilobase pair per million reads (RPKM) based on the read and gene locations in the genome. Or did you want them in containers for good? We need more information; what kind of soil did you use to start your seeds? If those temperatures are going to last a long time, I would recommend using a greenhouse for your cucumbers, and getting varieties that are both parthenocarpic and gynoecious (so they won't need pollinated and so they set a lot of fruit). In the case of all homemade recipes, always use the mixture in a small area of the plant first. In addition, several hormones regulate fruit elongation and shape in response to environmental stimuli6. Pan, Y. et al. These results strongly indicated that CsYUC10b promotes auxin hyperaccumulation and ovary growth. Here are some helpful and effective homemade insecticide recipes you can try . I've still got four plants in containers doing fairly well, but the one doing the best got attacked by aphids and before I realized it took heavy damage. The NAA stock was 5mmol/L, and the working volumes of NAA used were 20, 30, and 40L, with 10% Tween. S5c). Six mm long, the spotted cucumber beetle has a bright yellowish-green body with black head, legs, and antennae. Cellular auxin homeostasis: gatekeeping is housekeeping. Google Scholar. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Cucumber fruit curl, properly known as crooking, is a common condition of cucumbers. f Auxin concentration on the concave and convex sides of control and NOA-treated curved fruits at 4 DPA. Lets check and rectify the situation at your end. Let the soil begin to dry a bit between waterings. 39, W316W322 (2011). These will help to keep the moisture in dry conditions. Protoc. The seedlings stay stunted. 4b). Previous studies have shown that 6BA and ABA are the most important. a CsYUC10b levels in the leaves of control (Col) and CsYUC10b-overexpressing (OX) plants. Downy mildew spreads very fast through water movement. This is the forum to learn the successful techniques used by seasoned tomato growers. At the start of a plant's life, the roots matter even more than the leaves do. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Horticulture Research (Hortic Res) This would help us explore the relationship between auxin-coding genes and the other major signaling sequences. When seedlings emerge from the soil, they put forth two starter leaves called cotyledons. Incorrect Growing Conditions: Cucumbers need very specific cultural conditions when their fruits are developing or those fruits may become deformed. S7). Minerals from fertilizer can build up very quickly in seedlings small containers, effectively strangling the plants. Three biological and technical replicates were analyzed. Stormy, thanks for your comments. Have you started seedlings indoors that began healthy and green, but all of a sudden your seedling leaves turned yellow when you werent looking? 3d). The primers used are listed in Supplementary Table S2. Mapping quantitative traits loci and proteomics studies on bending of cucumber fruit. Because some pesticides contain harmful chemicals that can affect the quality of your cucumbers. 4, 441 (2013). Cucumbers are heavy feeders of nutrients. of organic mulch if your earliest fruits are crooked and water your plants any time the top inch (2.5 cm.) (, Dont worry, along with fertilizer, you can, Cucumbers are sun-loving vines but too much sunlight can cause the cucumber, But aphids are the most common and troublesome pests in the case of cucumber. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Hou, X. et al. In addition, several of the identified DEGs were related to plant hormones, including ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and gibberellins. Cucumber fruit curl, properly known as crooking, is a common condition of cucumbers. Google Scholar. If the leaves burn or wilt then you can skip spraying the mixture. Auxin levels were markedly higher on the convex side than on the concave side of the curved fruits, peaking at 4 DPA and gradually declining thereafter. In our future studies, we propose to utilize the genomic sequences, develop additional markers for QTL fine mapping and identify major genes responsible for fruit curving. Aphids and other insect pests play a vital role in spreading this cucumber mosaic virus disease. The RNA integrity was further verified by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Genetic architecture of fruit size and shape variation in cucurbits: a comparative perspective. Characterization and expression profiling of cucumber kinesin genes during early fruit development: revealing the roles of kinesins in exponential cell production and enlargement in cucumber fruit. 2a). In a previous study, we detected shorter cells on the concave side compared to the convex side of curved cucumber fruit at 6 DPA (Supplementary Fig. Ethylene enhances auxin biosynthesis in the inner side of the hook by upregulating TAR2, IAA3, IAA12, and IAA13, resulting in differential cell growth. 3e), as well as the differential bilateral auxin levels (Fig. For example, acidic soil can indicate calcium and magnesium deficiency. Cucumbers are sun-loving vines but too much sunlight can cause the cucumber leaves to curl up and turn brown. Step 1: Create the mixture. Article Aphids secreted honeydew coats the leaf and hamper photosynthesis. This destructive disease commonly latches on to cucumbers and several other vegetables, fruits, and even trees. The sequencing quality analysis, sequence content distribution, and length distribution of the clean reads indicated good sequencing quality by RNA-seq (Supplementary Fig. After the plant becomes more established, it will begin producing differently shaped leaves that are characteristic of its species. Add a tablespoon of this mixture with every cup of water and pour it into the sprayer. Sometimes if soil looks/feels dry I drop another 25ml into the pots. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using David bioinformatics resources. 65, 32013213 (2014). Furthermore, compared with the wild-type controls, the CsYUC10b transgenic plants showed faster growth of the ovaries of female flowers (Fig. Article USA 108, 1851218517 (2011). Dont forget to share your experience with the curled-up leaves in the comments below and let us know how you treated them. volume7, Articlenumber:135 (2020) The exocarps were collected from both sides of the fruits at 4 DPA to analyze the auxin content and the CsYUC10b expression levels. After trimming the adaptor sequences, we obtained clean raw reads from the raw sequence reads, which were filtered based on base quality (Q20)22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00354-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00354-5. Downregulation of auxin response factor 7 (SlARF7) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) results in heart-shaped fruits with a thick pericarp8. Nat. Chen, J. G. Dual auxin signaling pathways control cell elongation and division. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! Best way to avoid seedlings from bending and dying. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Keep 20 cm of a gap between each plant for better airflow. Those are the things that will make your thumb get greener and greener. Overwatering, however, is a very common cause of sickly plants. Our previous work involved a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of an F2 population derived from a cross between the curved-type inbred line L18 and straight-type inbred line D9320. Plant Mol. S2). Plant Cell 31, 10631076 (2019). It is a over fertilizer dosage problem give more and more water to washout the nutrients frome soil. In a previous report, ethylene was found to promote cucumber fruit curving21. S6, the CsYUC10b-GFP fusion protein was localized in the cytoplasm, whereas the empty plasmid controls showed diffuse fluorescence. Northeast Agric. In contrast, both sides of the straight fruits had similar auxin levels throughout development (010 DPA) (Fig. Because young plants do not have a very developed root system. You can hand pollinate cucumbers to achieve better pollination results, but if the weather is against you, fruits may still curl. Although cucumbers are very easy to take care of, some issues may need your attention. Green and black sundi/illi observed on 30 plants out of 5500, leaf hopper also observed on 2-3% plants, morning water droplets are condensed on leaf seen, location . Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants, which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits. Does a password policy with a restriction of repeated characters increase security? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. S. Afr. Meng, J. J., Qin, Z. W., Zhou, X. Y. Try adding up to 4 inches (10 cm.) So I started almost all of my tomatoes and peppers using the baggy Method late February potting them at fist sign of germination into solo cups. What should I do with hot pepper seedlings which are less than an inch apart? PubMed The bugs and diseases are more often a symptom than the true source of problems. Hi Nitesh Pandey. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. Soil is wet more than enough. What kind of pots? Know how to handle this fungal crop disease! Privacy Policy. J. PubMed Can Native Plants Be Invasive Or Overly Aggressive? d CsYUC10b levels in curved and straight fruits of the L18, D0859 and D0328-3 genotypes at 4 DPA. To further support our conclusions, we examined the impact of the auxin biosynthesis inhibitor AVG). 4c). Fruits were sampled from L18 to analyze the expression of CsYUC10b. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 41, 2821 (2009). So there's not much left to experiment with. . Through further analysis, we found that in response to the application of 0.15M NAA, the auxin content was consistent on both sides of fruits at 4 DPA (Fig. Article The cucumber cotyledon greening bioassay is frequently used for detecting cytokinins. c Angle of curvature of 7090 curved fruits treated with 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2M NAA on the concave side at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 DPA. d Auxin concentration on the concave and convex sides of the control and 0.1M NAA-treated fruits at 4 DPA. Beneficial modifications of the original technique included using 5-day-old cucumber (Cucumus sativus L., cv. "I love that this is basically a souped-up lip oilit is ultra hydrating and gives lips the kind of mirrorlike shine that will get . 3a). The data are the means (SEs) of three independent experiments, with five replicates each. Overall, asymmetric auxin distribution likely induces cucumber fruit curving through differential growth of the two sides. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze gene sets and biological pathways by KOBAS 3.024. Overall, asymmetric auxin distribution led to uneven growth of both sides of the fruit, resulting in the formation of curved fruits. Nucleic Acids Res. Not surprisingly, both sides of the straight fruits showed similar auxin concentrations regardless of genotype (Fig. Cucumber A modified freezethaw method for efficient transformation of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens. Biol. My cucumber cotyledons are doing the exact same thing, which I've learned is normal once the first 'real' leaf emerges. KOBAS 2.0: a web server for annotation and identification of enriched pathways and diseases. I don't know what's the problem. Through our previous work, we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis (DPA) was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined. Extra maturity can potentially help some against cooler-than-average weather, but I'm not sure about for cucumbersand your cucumbers aren't that mature, yet. However, fruit curving severely reduces its commercial and economic value1. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. ISSN 2662-6810 (print), The curvature of cucumber fruits is associated with spatial variation in auxin accumulation and expression of a YUCCA biosynthesis gene, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00354-5, RNAseq reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA3 in early and midseason varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry fruits, Developmental transcriptome profiling uncovered carbon signaling genes associated with almond fruit drop, The role of auxin during early berry development in grapevine as revealed by transcript profiling from pollination to fruit set, Comprehensive analysis of NAC transcription factors and their expression during fruit spine development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Tomato SlBL4 plays an important role in fruit pedicel organogenesis and abscission, The NAC transcription factor ClNAC68 positively regulates sugar content and seed development in watermelon by repressing ClINV and ClGH3.6, The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 in the fruit enhances tomato size and yield involving gibberellin signalling, EjBZR1 represses fruit enlargement by binding to the EjCYP90 promoter in loquat, Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the YUCCA gene family in Malus domestica, http://bioinfo.cau.edu.cn/agriGO/index.php, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, CsKTN1 for a katanin p60 subunit is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). A lot of them were up out of the soil by 3-6. Try planting resistant varieties like Liberty Hybrid, Saladin and County Fair 83 that are available in the market. Role of PIN-mediated auxin efflux in apical hook development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Twelve PCR-positive plants that displayed increased growth were subjected to a qPCR-based analysis, the results of which showed that OX4, OX7, and OX10 expressed the highest levels; these plants were self-pollinated for subsequent studies in the T2 generation (Fig.
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