To be able to test the efficacy of mint, calamansi and chili as a repellent. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Since 1998 patents on EO-containing mosquito repellent inventions have almost doubled . dirus. 2012;111:224151. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Onions contain sulfur compounds that mosquitoes don't like. Trop Med Int Health. J Commun Dis. usfd is i ghkc rfnfdy iaimest jhkds ied upsft sthnijl ied th nimetime afefrik lfiktl. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Ansari et al. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Annu Rev Entomol. The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. Curr Pharm Des. The field trial was implemented during the period July 13-August 3 in catch basins, which constitute one of their most common breeding sites and therefore are regularly submitted to larval control. A. Mosquitoes Mosquitoes are blood-sucking insects that may cause many diseases throughout the world to humans and animals alike. 2011;4:10611. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). Malaria Journal This study aimed to determine the efficacy of lemongrass extract (LE) against rice green leafhopper (GLH) as a biopesticide. In order to create natural mixture this can kill insects. Many repellent products pertaining chemical compound like DEET (N,N-Diethyl- meta-toluamide) used as active chemical ingredient . [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. stephensi. Karunamoorthi et al. Not bad for a repellent that actually contains skin-healing properties. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. 2014;4:S54955. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. 2010;20:16728. Step One: To a 4 oz. 2014;63:3418. Auysawasdi et al. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. PubMed J Amer Soc Hort Sci. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Lemongrass is also used as a Mosquito . However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. Google Scholar. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). Scope and limitation This study is using oregano leaves as mosquito repellent. A literature review. Part of Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Malar J. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. Exp Appl Acarol. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. 2015;114:60112. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Parasitol Res. PubMed [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Disclaimer. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. minimus [45] and An. bottle, add 2 oz. 2011;15:10109. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. 2011 Dec;36(2):258-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00166.x. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The study focus on the effectiveness of oregano leaves as mosquito repellent. Then, follow these steps . Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Trop Biomed. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. 2009;7:9204. witch hazel. PubMed 2001;49:51721. 2007;24:715. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Insects. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. 2002;96:22531. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. 2011;1:S1248. 2016;115:180716. [65]. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. . J Vector Borne Dis. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. In contrast, Seyoum et al. As eloquently stated on the study of Bouhid (2009) oregano contains an essential compound called carvacrol, which has antimicrobial properties. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Morehead JA. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. CAS f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Catnip oil. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Tasdemir D, Kaiser M, Demirci B, Demirci F, Baser KHC. Oregano is a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-parasitic properties. This review intends to analyze the distinctive fabric utilized for mosquito repellent studies and forms of treatment mosquito agents on the fabrics. The specific objective are as follows: 1. 2013;11:374411. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. The present study was conducted to determine the mosquito repellent activities of some selected plant materials in order to obtain safe and efficient herbal mosquito repellent formulations by combinations of the selected plant materials. Place the wax chunks or shavings in the smaller pot or pan. Indian J Pharmacol. The 40% oregano es-sential oil exhibited 100% repellency against bed bug at 3, 5, 9 and 24h after application while the repellency index of DEET 33% was 100% at 3 and 5h and it decreased to 80% and 27% at 9 and 24 hours. 2012;4:257. The study by Sritabutra et al. Springer Nature. Take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Because it is natural, it cannot harm our environment unlike other insect killers which can also harm our environment. Fish Shellfish Immunol. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Shake to cover all the leaves well with oil. Vector-borne diseases are mainly transmitted to humans and animals by the bites of arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks, infected with one or more pathogens. The researcher will conduct this study to study the effectiveness of oregano as a natural insect repellant. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. The Asian citrus psyllid is an aphid-like insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees and other citrus-like plants - but the real danger lies in that it can carry a deadly, bacterial . Hrfaieh? De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Environ. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. extract. J Vector Borne Dis. 2006;99:478. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. 2011;1:1249. [6], with 100% protection against An. The site is secure. 2013;97:2631. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. 2016;115:99106. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. Oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8, is a tasty herb, and it's recommended as a folk remedy for illnesses such as diabetes and spasms, although little evidence exists to support these recommendations. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Tlf pirismtf khdafs me tlf kynplitmj systfn ied jiusfs, tlmjcfemea hg tlf surrhuedmea scme ied tmssufs, cehwe is fkfplietmisms. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. . What is oregano few lines about? The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. Article The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. 2015;8:2934. In the bioassays, the amount of lemongrass oil on the treated pad used in all tests was 10 mg. Now for each 1/2 kg of wax in the boiler, add 1/10 kilo of lemongrass essential oil. Parasitol Res. Synergistic larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils of three Origanum species on Rhipicephalus annulatus tick. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. The boiling water will slowly melt the wax. This study aims to investigate the potential usage of the Oregano Oil and Lanzones Peel Liquid Smoke spray as a mosquito repellent. 1. The study is to utilize lemongrass, garlic, and marigold (Maia & Moore, 2011). Barnard et al. 2012;38:1416. For an easy and natural mosquito repellent for your skin, you'll need the following: glass spray bottle. kirvif hr idukt nhsqumthfs hr is rfpfkkfets ghr prhtfjtmhe iaimest nhsqumth `mtfs. stephensi. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Natural and Synthetic Repellents for Pest Management of the Storage Mite. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Article SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it.
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